Agricultural Waste and Environmental Engineering MCQs

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1. : The main objective of agricultural waste management is to?
(A) Increase waste accumulation
(B) Protect environment and public health
(C) Reduce crop yield
(D) Pollute water bodies

2. : The process of converting organic agricultural waste into useful manure by microbial activity is called?
(A) Incineration
(B) Composting
(C) Gasification
(D) Pyrolysis

3. : The main pollutant in livestock waste that causes eutrophication is?
(A) Nitrogen and Phosphorus
(B) Oxygen
(C) Calcium
(D) Potassium

4. : Anaerobic digestion of agricultural waste mainly produces?
(A) Oxygen
(B) Methane-rich biogas
(C) Sulfur dioxide
(D) Hydrogen

5. : The recommended method for disposal of dead animals in farms is?
(A) Open dumping
(B) Composting or incineration
(C) Throwing in rivers
(D) Storing in godowns

6. : Which agricultural waste is most suitable for paper and pulp industry?
(A) Rice husk
(B) Sugarcane bagasse
(C) Wheat straw
(D) All of the above

7. : Agricultural wastewater is primarily generated from?
(A) Irrigation runoff
(B) Animal housing washings
(C) Food processing industries
(D) All of the above

8. : Septic tanks in rural households are primarily designed for?
(A) Wastewater storage only
(B) Wastewater treatment through anaerobic digestion
(C) Drinking water storage
(D) Irrigation

9. : The pollutant responsible for bad odor in animal housing waste is?
(A) Ammonia and Hydrogen sulfide
(B) Oxygen
(C) Nitrogen
(D) Carbon dioxide

10. : Agricultural residue burning leads to?
(A) Improved air quality
(B) Greenhouse gas emissions and smog
(C) Water purification
(D) Reduced soil fertility loss

11. : Which of the following is NOT a renewable energy source from agricultural waste?
(A) Biogas
(B) Biomass power
(C) Compost
(D) Coal

12. : Sedimentation tanks in wastewater treatment are used for?
(A) Killing bacteria
(B) Settling suspended solids
(C) Aeration
(D) Chlorination

13. : Which gas is a major contributor to greenhouse effect from manure storage?
(A) Oxygen
(B) Carbon dioxide and Methane
(C) Argon
(D) Neon

14. : The C:N ratio of farm waste ideal for composting is approximately?
(A) 10:1
(B) 30:1
(C) 50:1
(D) 70:1

15. : Which of the following is an advanced treatment for agricultural wastewater?
(A) Aerated lagoons
(B) Membrane filtration
(C) Constructed wetlands
(D) All of the above

16. : The solid by-product from anaerobic digesters is known as?
(A) Fly ash
(B) Digestate
(C) Slurry
(D) Charcoal

17. : Which is the most common agricultural waste generated in rice-growing regions?
(A) Sugarcane bagasse
(B) Rice husk and straw
(C) Cotton stalks
(D) Maize cobs

18. : The main purpose of effluent treatment plants (ETPs) in agro-industries is?
(A) To produce fertilizer
(B) To treat wastewater before discharge
(C) To increase waste volume
(D) To store irrigation water

19. : Vermicomposting uses which organisms for waste degradation?
(A) Bacteria only
(B) Earthworms
(C) Algae
(D) Rodents

20. : Which of the following is a hazardous pollutant in pesticide waste?
(A) Heavy metals and toxic residues
(B) Nitrogen only
(C) Potassium only
(D) Organic manure

21. : Incineration of agricultural waste converts it into?
(A) Compost
(B) Ash and gases
(C) Fertilizer
(D) Biogas

22. : Which of the following practices reduces agricultural plastic waste?
(A) Burning plastics in fields
(B) Recycling and reuse of mulching films
(C) Open dumping
(D) River disposal

23. : The process of treating wastewater using sunlight, algae, and bacteria in shallow ponds is called?
(A) Activated sludge process
(B) Oxidation pond
(C) Filtration
(D) Sedimentation

24. : Which of the following is a benefit of agricultural waste utilization?
(A) Increased pollution
(B) Energy generation and soil fertility improvement
(C) Higher greenhouse gas emission
(D) Increased health hazards

25. : The best approach for sustainable agricultural waste management is?
(A) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
(B) Open burning
(C) Direct landfill dumping
(D) Ignoring waste accumulation