1. : A watershed is defined as:
(A) An area drained by a river and its tributaries
(B) A water reservoir
(C) A groundwater aquifer
(D) A canal system
2. : The main objective of watershed management is:
(A) To maximize soil erosion
(B) Sustainable use of land, water, and vegetation
(C) To increase urbanization
(D) To reduce vegetation cover
3. : The smallest unit of a watershed is called:
(A) Sub-watershed
(B) Micro-watershed
(C) Drainage basin
(D) River basin
4. : Watershed divides are generally formed by:
(A) Mountains or ridges
(B) Rivers
(C) Roads
(D) Valleys
5. : Which is not an objective of watershed management?
(A) Water conservation
(B) Soil erosion control
(C) Overgrazing promotion
(D) Flood control
6. : The hydrological unit of land surface area drained to a common outlet is known as:
(A) Catchment area
(B) Irrigation command area
(C) Aquifer
(D) Dam site
7. : Which approach is most suitable for watershed management?
(A) Top-down approach
(B) Bottom-up approach (community participation)
(C) Mechanical approach only
(D) Industrial approach
8. : The land capability classification is useful in:
(A) Mining planning
(B) Watershed management planning
(C) Urban planning
(D) Road construction
9. : Which structure is constructed in watershed areas to reduce runoff velocity?
(A) Check dam
(B) Drainage canal
(C) Pump house
(D) Reservoir only
10. : Vegetative barriers in watershed management help in:
(A) Increasing erosion
(B) Reducing runoff and conserving soil
(C) Blocking groundwater recharge
(D) Increasing flood risk
11. : Which of the following is a component of watershed management?
(A) Soil and water conservation
(B) Afforestation
(C) Pasture management
(D) All of these
12. : The term “ridge to valley approach” in watershed management means:
(A) Starting treatment from the valley upward
(B) Starting treatment from the ridge downward
(C) Treating only valleys
(D) Treating only ridges
13. : Gully plugging is a technique used in:
(A) Urban stormwater management
(B) Watershed management
(C) Dam construction
(D) Canal lining
14. : Which factor influences watershed characteristics the most?
(A) Slope and topography
(B) Cropping system only
(C) Road networks only
(D) Rainfall only
15. : The base level of a watershed is generally:
(A) The lowest elevation point (river outlet)
(B) The highest ridge point
(C) The midpoint of the slope
(D) Any random location
16. : Agroforestry in watershed management helps in:
(A) Soil erosion control
(B) Groundwater recharge
(C) Income generation for farmers
(D) All of these
17. : Which of the following is a water harvesting structure?
(A) Percolation tank
(B) Farm pond
(C) Check dam
(D) All of these
18. : Remote sensing is useful in watershed management for:
(A) Land use mapping
(B) Soil erosion monitoring
(C) Vegetation cover assessment
(D) All of these
19. : Which organization initiated large-scale watershed development projects in India?
(A) ISRO
(B) Ministry of Rural Development
(C) Indian Meteorological Department
(D) Indian Navy
20. : The hydrological response of a watershed is best measured at:
(A) Its ridge line
(B) Its outlet point
(C) Mid-slope
(D) Random location
21. : Check dams are generally constructed in:
(A) Forested ridges
(B) Small streams and gullies
(C) Irrigated plains
(D) Deserts only
22. : A watershed having poor vegetative cover is prone to:
(A) Soil erosion
(B) Flooding
(C) Low groundwater recharge
(D) All of these
23. : Which practice increases groundwater recharge in watershed areas?
(A) Percolation ponds
(B) Concrete lining of canals
(C) Over-pumping wells
(D) Deforestation
24. : Which factor does not affect watershed behavior?
(A) Climate
(B) Soil characteristics
(C) Topography
(D) Satellite communication
25. : Integrated watershed management is aimed at:
(A) Only soil conservation
(B) Only water conservation
(C) Holistic development of land, water, and community
(D) Only afforestation