1. : Gully erosion occurs when:
(A) Sheet erosion reduces
(B) Rills deepen and enlarge due to concentrated runoff
(C) Wind velocity increases
(D) Vegetation cover increases
2. : Ravines are defined as:
(A) Small rills on gentle slopes
(B) Deep and wide gullies formed by prolonged erosion
(C) Surface cracks due to drought
(D) Soil depressions caused by termites
3. : The initial stage of gully development is called:
(A) Mature gully
(B) Incipient gully
(C) Stabilized gully
(D) Ravine
4. : Gully head control is best achieved by:
(A) Drop spillways
(B) Bench terracing
(C) Contour bunding
(D) Strip cropping
5. : The main difference between gullies and ravines is:
(A) Depth and width of erosion
(B) Soil type
(C) Climate only
(D) Type of crops grown
6. : Which of the following is a vegetative measure for gully control?
(A) Grass seeding
(B) Tree plantation
(C) Shrub plantation
(D) All of these
7. : Loose boulder check dams are most effective in:
(A) Large rivers
(B) Small gullies with low runoff
(C) Coastal erosion
(D) Sand dunes
8. : Ravine reclamation involves:
(A) Afforestation
(B) Construction of check dams
(C) Controlled land use practices
(D) All of these
9. : Which soil type is most prone to gully and ravine formation?
(A) Black cotton soil
(B) Sandy soil
(C) Loamy soil
(D) Lateritic soil
10. : Drop inlet spillways are constructed in gullies to:
(A) Dispose runoff safely from higher to lower elevation
(B) Increase soil erosion
(C) Remove vegetation
(D) Increase groundwater salinity
11. : Gully plugging helps in:
(A) Reducing velocity of runoff and sediment deposition
(B) Increasing erosion
(C) Destroying vegetation
(D) Increasing ravine depth
12. : Ravine lands are most widespread along:
(A) Indus River
(B) Chambal River
(C) Ganga River
(D) Narmada River
13. : Temporary gully control structures include:
(A) Brushwood dams
(B) Bamboo check dams
(C) Loose stone dams
(D) All of these
14. : Permanent structures for gully control include:
(A) Concrete check dams
(B) Gabion structures
(C) Drop spillways
(D) All of these
15. : Which practice converts shallow gullies into productive land?
(A) Contour bunding and grass seeding
(B) Ravine reclamation by afforestation
(C) Bench terracing
(D) All of these
16. : Vegetative measures in ravine reclamation are mainly adopted for:
(A) Soil binding and reducing runoff velocity
(B) Increasing soil erosion
(C) Blocking groundwater recharge
(D) Raising flood peaks
17. : The stage of gully erosion where sidewalls are stabilized by vegetation is called:
(A) Incipient stage
(B) Stabilized gully
(C) Deep cutting stage
(D) Ravine stage
18. : Which one is not a gully control measure?
(A) Check dams
(B) Drop spillways
(C) Windbreaks
(D) Grassed waterways
19. : Ravines are mostly controlled by:
(A) Afforestation and engineering structures combined
(B) Soil sterilization
(C) Flood irrigation
(D) Ploughing along slope
20. : Brushwood check dams are generally used as:
(A) Temporary control structures
(B) Permanent structures
(C) River diversion works
(D) Flood embankments
21. : Gully erosion is more common in:
(A) High rainfall areas with loose soils
(B) Desert dunes
(C) Forested regions with dense cover
(D) Rocky mountains only
22. : The outlet of a gully is best protected by:
(A) Stone pitching or masonry apron
(B) Vegetative barriers only
(C) Soil bunds only
(D) Deep ploughing
23. : Ravine reclamation under agriculture is done by:
(A) Contour bunding
(B) Graded bunding
(C) Strip cropping
(D) All of these
24. : Which factor accelerates ravine formation the most?
(A) Overgrazing and deforestation
(B) Dense vegetation
(C) Soil mulching
(D) Irrigation canals only
25. : The ultimate goal of gully and ravine control is:
(A) To reclaim land for productive use
(B) To increase soil erosion
(C) To promote deep cutting
(D) To destroy vegetation