1. : The zone in which soil pores are completely filled with water is called:
(A) Vadose zone
(B) Capillary zone
(C) Saturated zone
(D) Aeration zone
2. : The upper surface of the saturated zone in an unconfined aquifer is known as:
(A) Capillary fringe
(B) Water table
(C) Artesian level
(D) Piezometric surface
3. : An aquifer bounded by two impervious layers is called:
(A) Perched aquifer
(B) Confined aquifer
(C) Unconfined aquifer
(D) Leaky aquifer
4. : The specific yield of soil is defined as:
(A) Ratio of volume of water drained by gravity to total volume of soil
(B) Ratio of volume of voids to total volume
(C) Water content at saturation
(D) Water content at field capacity
5. : Specific retention refers to:
(A) Water held by soil particles against gravity
(B) Water drained freely
(C) Water lost in evaporation
(D) Seepage losses
6. : The property of soil that governs the ease of water flow through it is:
(A) Porosity
(B) Permeability
(C) Specific yield
(D) Field capacity
7. : Darcy’s law states that the velocity of flow through porous media is proportional to:
(A) Square of hydraulic gradient
(B) Hydraulic gradient
(C) Inverse of permeability
(D) Depth of aquifer
8. : The governing equation for confined aquifer flow is:
(A) Darcy–Weisbach equation
(B) Thiem’s equation
(C) Bernoulli’s equation
(D) Manning’s equation
9. : A pumping test is conducted to determine:
(A) Evapotranspiration losses
(B) Aquifer characteristics such as transmissibility and storage coefficient
(C) Crop water requirement
(D) Canal discharge
10. : Transmissibility of an aquifer is defined as:
(A) K × b (permeability × saturated thickness)
(B) K / b
(C) b / K
(D) K × (hydraulic gradient)
11. : The storage coefficient of a confined aquifer is usually in the range:
(A) 0.1 – 0.3
(B) 0.01 – 0.05
(C) 10⁻³ – 10⁻⁵
(D) 0.5 – 0.8
12. : The discharge of a well in a confined aquifer is given by:
(A) Dupuit’s equation
(B) Thiem’s equation
(C) Hooghoudt’s equation
(D) Manning’s equation
13. : The pumping well in which water level falls below the pump suction level is said to be:
(A) Flowing well
(B) Gravity well
(C) Dry well
(D) Artesian well
14. : The water-bearing stratum capable of transmitting significant water is called:
(A) Aquiclude
(B) Aquifuge
(C) Aquitard
(D) Aquifer
15. : A perched aquifer is formed when:
(A) Water table is at great depth
(B) Local impervious layer holds water above main water table
(C) Confined aquifer is under pressure
(D) Flow occurs under artesian conditions
16. : In unconfined aquifers, specific yield + specific retention is equal to:
(A) Hydraulic conductivity
(B) Porosity
(C) Permeability
(D) Field capacity
17. : The radius of influence of a pumping well depends on:
(A) Aquifer transmissibility and storage coefficient
(B) Pump horsepower
(C) Depth of well casing
(D) Soil porosity only
18. : A well which yields water without pumping due to hydrostatic pressure is called:
(A) Gravity well
(B) Artesian well
(C) Perched well
(D) Shallow well
19. : In Dupuit’s assumption for radial flow into wells, it is assumed that:
(A) Flow lines are vertical
(B) Flow lines are horizontal and velocity is proportional to slope of water table
(C) Flow is turbulent
(D) Hydraulic gradient is infinite
20. : The unconfined aquifer has a storage coefficient approximately equal to:
(A) Specific yield
(B) Specific retention
(C) Porosity
(D) Permeability
21. : The hydraulic conductivity has the dimensions of:
(A) L⁻¹T⁻¹
(B) L³T⁻¹
(C) LT⁻¹
(D) L²T⁻¹
22. : The discharge equation for confined aquifer in steady radial flow is proportional to:
(A) (h₁² – h₂²)
(B) log(r₂/r₁)
(C) K × slope
(D) (h₁ – h₂)/L
23. : The flow net is used to determine:
(A) Crop yield
(B) Head loss and seepage quantity in soils
(C) Canal discharge
(D) Soil porosity
24. : A well fully penetrating an aquifer has greater discharge compared to a partially penetrating well because:
(A) Less head loss due to entrance resistance
(B) More pumping head
(C) Larger pump capacity
(D) Higher storage coefficient
25. : The main disadvantage of excessive groundwater pumping is:
(A) Increased recharge
(B) Decline in water table and land subsidence
(C) Improved soil fertility
(D) Reduced evaporation