1. : The main objective of water management in agriculture is to:
(A) Maximize water use regardless of crop needs
(B) Optimize crop yield per unit of water used
(C) Increase evaporation losses
(D) Reduce soil fertility
2. : The duty of water is defined as:
(A) Area irrigated per unit volume of water supplied
(B) Volume of water required per hectare
(C) Depth of irrigation water applied
(D) Time of irrigation application
3. : The delta of a crop refers to:
(A) Total depth of water required by the crop during its base period
(B) Discharge of canal
(C) Difference in elevation of field
(D) Depth of water stored in reservoir
4. : The most important indicator of irrigation water use efficiency is:
(A) Evaporation rate
(B) Crop yield per unit of water used
(C) Amount of rainfall
(D) Length of irrigation canal
5. : Waterlogging in agricultural lands is caused mainly by:
(A) Excessive pumping of groundwater
(B) Poor drainage and excessive irrigation
(C) Low rainfall
(D) High evapotranspiration
6. : The process of applying irrigation water at the right time and in right quantity is called:
(A) Water harvesting
(B) Irrigation scheduling
(C) Water budgeting
(D) Leaching
7. : Consumptive use of water includes:
(A) Only evaporation
(B) Evapotranspiration + water used for metabolic processes
(C) Only transpiration
(D) Only seepage losses
8. : The optimum moisture level for irrigation scheduling is often expressed as:
(A) Wilting point
(B) Field capacity
(C) Available moisture range
(D) Hygroscopic coefficient
9. : The method of measuring soil moisture tension for irrigation scheduling is by:
(A) Lysimeter
(B) Tensiometer
(C) Rain gauge
(D) Flume
10. : The efficiency of water application in surface irrigation is usually:
(A) 30–40%
(B) 50–60%
(C) 70–80%
(D) 85–95%
11. : Conjunctive use of water means:
(A) Using only canal water
(B) Using only groundwater
(C) Using both surface water and groundwater together
(D) Storing only rainwater
12. : The main purpose of lining irrigation canals is to:
(A) Reduce seepage losses
(B) Increase wetted perimeter
(C) Increase percolation
(D) Reduce crop yield
13. : The water use efficiency is maximum in:
(A) Flood irrigation
(B) Sprinkler irrigation
(C) Drip irrigation
(D) Basin irrigation
14. : The most critical growth stage of wheat for irrigation is:
(A) Crown root initiation stage
(B) Maturity stage
(C) Tillering stage
(D) Flowering stage
15. : The practice of collecting and storing rainwater for later use is called:
(A) Leaching
(B) Water harvesting
(C) Conjunctive use
(D) Drainage
16. : Which crop requires the maximum amount of irrigation water in India?
(A) Wheat
(B) Cotton
(C) Rice
(D) Maize
17. : The ratio of the volume of water made available for irrigation to the volume of water delivered into the system is called:
(A) Water use efficiency
(B) Conveyance efficiency
(C) Application efficiency
(D) Project efficiency
18. : The depth of water required to bring the soil moisture content to field capacity is called:
(A) Net irrigation requirement
(B) Delta
(C) Gross irrigation requirement
(D) Consumptive use
19. : Leaching requirement is associated with:
(A) Sandy soils
(B) Salt-affected soils
(C) High rainfall regions
(D) Canal command areas only
20. : The ratio of actual crop yield to maximum potential yield under ideal conditions is called:
(A) Water productivity
(B) Crop coefficient
(C) Irrigation efficiency
(D) Yield response factor
21. : Irrigation water management at farm level is most effective when based on:
(A) Fixed time intervals only
(B) Soil moisture monitoring and crop water requirement
(C) Farmer convenience
(D) Canal rotation
22. : The process of applying fertilizers through irrigation water is known as:
(A) Fertigation
(B) Leaching
(C) Mulching
(D) Hydroponics
23. : The field water use efficiency is defined as:
(A) Water delivered / water supplied
(B) Crop yield per unit depth of water consumed
(C) Water stored / water delivered
(D) Irrigation depth / rainfall
24. : In canal command areas, the practice of rotational water supply is called:
(A) Warabandi
(B) Conjunctive use
(C) Leaching
(D) Drainage scheduling
25. : The main strategy for water management under climate change is:
(A) Over-irrigation to avoid drought
(B) Adoption of efficient irrigation methods and water-saving technologies
(C) Expansion of flood irrigation
(D) Ignoring groundwater recharge