Genetic Engineering and DNA Technology MCQs

1. What is genetic engineering?
(A) Study of ancient fossils
(B) Modification of an organism’s genetic material
(C) Natural evolution process
(D) Study of plant anatomy

2. What is the basic unit of heredity?
(A) Protein
(B) RNA
(C) DNA
(D) Gene

3. What tool is commonly used to cut DNA at specific sequences?
(A) Ligase
(B) Polymerase
(C) Helicase
(D) Restriction enzyme

4. What is recombinant DNA?
(A) DNA from a single organism
(B) DNA that is degraded
(C) DNA formed by combining genetic material from two different sources
(D) DNA only found in bacteria

5. What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) used for?
(A) Breaking DNA strands
(B) Cloning whole organisms
(C) Amplifying small segments of DNA
(D) Measuring gene expression

6. Which organism is commonly used as a host in genetic engineering experiments?
(A) Human cells
(B) Escherichia coli (E. coli)
(C) Amoeba
(D) Yeast

7. What does CRISPR-Cas9 technology allow scientists to do?
(A) Replicate viruses
(B) Edit specific genes within DNA
(C) Create synthetic organs
(D) Extract proteins from food

8. What is gene therapy?
(A) Replacing faulty genes with healthy ones to treat disease
(B) Psychological treatment
(C) A method to teach DNA sequences
(D) Surgical removal of genes

9. In DNA, adenine pairs with which base?
(A) Guanine
(B) Cytosine
(C) Thymine
(D) Uracil

10. Which of the following is a benefit of genetic engineering in agriculture?
(A) Lower food prices
(B) Enhanced crop yield and pest resistance
(C) Reducing rainfall
(D) Increasing plant height only