General Microbiology MCQs

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1. : Who is known as the Father of Microbiology?





2. : The scientist who discovered penicillin was:





3. : The first vaccine developed was against:





4. : Bacteria that require oxygen for growth are called:





5. : The bacterial cell wall is mainly composed of:





6. : The instrument used to sterilize culture media is:





7. : Gram-positive bacteria appear __________ under microscope after Gram staining.





8. : The process of heat-killing microorganisms in milk is called:





9. : Which structure helps bacteria in motility?





10. : The smallest living organisms are:





11. : Which of the following is an example of a eukaryotic microorganism?





12. : Which staining method differentiates bacterial species into two major groups?





13. : A culture containing only one kind of microorganism is called:





14. : Which scientist formulated the germ theory of disease?





15. : Endospores in bacteria are formed for:





16. : Which part of the bacterial cell controls cell division?





17. : The term “pathogen” refers to:





18. : Which of the following is not a prokaryote?





19. : The structure used for bacterial conjugation is:





20. : The first person to see microorganisms under a microscope was:





21. : The enzyme lysozyme destroys bacterial:





22. : The pH range most suitable for bacterial growth is:





23. : Which bacterial structure is responsible for adherence to surfaces?





24. : Which of the following is not an aseptic technique?





25. : The generation time is:





26. : The bacterial chromosome is usually:





27. : The outermost layer of Gram-negative bacteria is composed of:





28. : Psychrophilic bacteria grow best at:





29. : Mesophilic bacteria prefer temperatures around:





30. : Thermophiles are microorganisms that thrive in:





31. : Which of the following is a differential medium?





32. : The logarithmic phase in bacterial growth curve represents:





33. : The Gram stain was developed by:





34. : Bacterial spores can resist:





35. : The bacterial capsule provides:





36. : Viruses differ from bacteria because they:





37. : Which microscope is used to observe living cells without staining?





38. : The bacterial ribosome is of type:





39. : Mycoplasma is unique because it lacks:





40. : Which of these diseases is caused by a bacterium?





41. : The main component of bacterial flagella is:





42. : Bacteria that can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen are:





43. : The enzyme catalase breaks down:





44. : Which process involves transfer of genetic material by a bacteriophage?





45. : DNA replication in bacteria is:





46. : The bacterial enzyme used in PCR is:





47. : Which staining method is used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?





48. : The presence of plasmids in bacteria gives:





49. : Which bacterial shape is spiral?





50. : The medium that supports the growth of all bacteria is called:





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