Cereal and Bakery Technology MCQs 50 Score: 0 Attempted: 0/246 Subscribe 1. : The major component of cereal grains is (A) Starch (B) Protein (C) Fat (D) Minerals Show All Answers 2. : The outermost layer of a wheat grain is called (A) Bran (B) Endosperm (C) Germ (D) Aleurone layer 3. : The main protein present in wheat responsible for dough formation is (A) Gluten (B) Albumin (C) Casein (D) Collagen 4. : The main carbohydrate in cereals is (A) Starch (B) Cellulose (C) Pectin (D) Dextrin 5. : The process of converting grain into flour is known as (A) Milling (B) Fermentation (C) Blanching (D) Toasting 6. : The endosperm of wheat contains mainly (A) Starch and proteins (B) Fat and fiber (C) Vitamins (D) Pigments 7. : The germ portion of cereal grain is rich in (A) Fat and vitamins (B) Fiber (C) Starch (D) Water 8. : Leavening in bread is caused by (A) Carbon dioxide produced by yeast (B) Oxygen absorption (C) Evaporation of water (D) Addition of air 9. : The main microorganism used in bread making is (A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (B) Lactobacillus bulgaricus (C) Streptococcus lactis (D) Aspergillus niger 10. : Gluten is formed when (A) Wheat flour is mixed with water (B) Flour is dried (C) Flour is baked (D) Flour is fermented 11. : The protein fraction of wheat soluble in alcohol is (A) Gliadin (B) Glutenin (C) Albumin (D) Globulin 12. : Baking powder is a mixture of (A) Sodium bicarbonate and acid salts (B) Yeast and sugar (C) Salt and starch (D) Enzymes 13. : The ideal temperature for yeast fermentation in dough is around (A) 27–30°C (B) 10°C (C) 40°C (D) 55°C 14. : The term “proofing” in bread making refers to (A) Fermentation of dough (B) Mixing of ingredients (C) Baking stage (D) Cooling process 15. : The main purpose of adding sugar in bakery products is (A) Flavor and fermentation aid (B) Coloring only (C) Moisture reduction (D) Preservative 16. : The main gas responsible for dough rising is (A) Carbon dioxide (B) Oxygen (C) Nitrogen (D) Hydrogen 17. : The process of heating dough to form bread is called (A) Baking (B) Toasting (C) Drying (D) Steaming 18. : The enzyme that converts starch into maltose during fermentation is (A) Amylase (B) Lipase (C) Protease (D) Maltase 19. : The main cereal used for bread production is (A) Wheat (B) Maize (C) Rice (D) Barley 20. : The structure of bread crumb depends mainly on (A) Gluten strength (B) Water temperature (C) Baking time (D) Fat content 21. : Maillard browning in baked products is due to the reaction between (A) Amino acids and reducing sugars (B) Acids and fats (C) Minerals and proteins (D) Water and sugar 22. : The moisture content of flour is generally around (A) 12–14% (B) 5% (C) 25% (D) 30% 23. : The flour with high protein content is used for making (A) Bread (B) Cakes (C) Biscuits (D) Pastry 24. : The primary leavening agent in cakes is (A) Baking powder (B) Yeast (C) Air (D) Steam 25. : Shortening in bakery products improves (A) Tenderness and texture (B) Color (C) Flavor only (D) Nutritional value 26. : Staling of bread is due to (A) Retrogradation of starch (B) Microbial spoilage (C) Loss of protein (D) Moisture addition 27. : Whole wheat flour contains (A) Bran, germ, and endosperm (B) Endosperm only (C) Germ only (D) Bran only 28. : The process of preheating ovens before baking is called (A) Preheating (B) Proofing (C) Conditioning (D) Tempering 29. : Enrichment of flour involves adding (A) Vitamins and minerals (B) Sugar (C) Fat (D) Fiber only 30. : The by-product of wheat milling used for livestock feed is (A) Bran (B) Gluten (C) Flour dust (D) Malt 31. : The baking time and temperature depend on (A) Product size and type (B) Oven color (C) Room humidity only (D) Air pressure 32. : The main cereal used in breakfast flakes is (A) Corn (B) Rice (C) Wheat (D) Oats 33. : The compound responsible for rancid flavor in stored flour is (A) Free fatty acids (B) Alcohols (C) Acetone (D) Proteins 34. : The pigment responsible for the yellow color of wheat flour is (A) Carotenoid (B) Chlorophyll (C) Anthocyanin (D) Tannin 35. : The fermentation process in sourdough bread involves (A) Yeast and lactic acid bacteria (B) Only yeast (C) Only bacteria (D) Mold 36. : Gluten-free bakery products are made from (A) Rice and corn flour (B) Wheat flour (C) Rye (D) Barley 37. : The main purpose of emulsifiers in bakery is (A) Improve texture and shelf life (B) Add color (C) Reduce calories (D) Increase sweetness 38. : Baking soda is chemically known as (A) Sodium bicarbonate (B) Potassium carbonate (C) Calcium carbonate (D) Sodium chloride 39. : The rate of fermentation in dough is affected by (A) Temperature and sugar concentration (B) Color of flour (C) Type of oven (D) Amount of air 40. : The water absorption capacity of flour depends on (A) Protein content (B) Color (C) Fat content (D) Sugar level 41. : The equipment used for mixing bakery dough is called (A) Dough mixer (B) Roller (C) Proofer (D) Oven 42. : The term “oven spring” refers to (A) Rapid rise of dough during early baking (B) Cooling of bread (C) Proofing process (D) Mixing stage 43. : Crust formation in bread occurs due to (A) Evaporation of surface moisture (B) Protein denaturation (C) Gluten breakdown (D) Fat oxidation 44. : The shelf life of bread can be increased by (A) Using antifungal agents like calcium propionate (B) Adding sugar (C) Decreasing protein (D) Baking at lower temperature 45. : The main cause of mold spoilage in bakery products is (A) Improper storage humidity (B) Excess sugar (C) High protein (D) Gluten strength 46. : Cookies differ from cakes mainly in (A) Lower moisture content (B) Higher sugar (C) More eggs (D) Less fat 47. : The enzyme that breaks down protein during dough fermentation is (A) Protease (B) Lipase (C) Amylase (D) Oxidase 48. : The primary function of salt in bread dough is (A) Strengthen gluten and control yeast activity (B) Add sweetness (C) Act as a preservative (D) Change color 49. : Bread is baked at an internal temperature of approximately (A) 95–98°C (B) 60°C (C) 120°C (D) 45°C 50. : The main objective of bakery processing is to (A) Produce palatable, nutritious, and safe products (B) Reduce cost (C) Change grain color (D) Remove nutrients 51. : The outermost layer of a wheat grain is called (A) Bran (B) Endosperm (C) Germ (D) Aleurone layer 52. : The main protein present in wheat responsible for dough formation is (A) Gluten (B) Albumin (C) Casein (D) Collagen 53. : The main carbohydrate in cereals is (A) Starch (B) Cellulose (C) Pectin (D) Dextrin 54. : The process of converting grain into flour is known as (A) Milling (B) Fermentation (C) Blanching (D) Toasting 55. : The endosperm of wheat contains mainly (A) Starch and proteins (B) Fat and fiber (C) Vitamins (D) Pigments 56. : The germ portion of cereal grain is rich in (A) Fat and vitamins (B) Fiber (C) Starch (D) Water 57. : Leavening in bread is caused by (A) Carbon dioxide produced by yeast (B) Oxygen absorption (C) Evaporation of water (D) Addition of air 58. : The main microorganism used in bread making is (A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (B) Lactobacillus bulgaricus (C) Streptococcus lactis (D) Aspergillus niger 59. : Gluten is formed when (A) Wheat flour is mixed with water (B) Flour is dried (C) Flour is baked (D) Flour is fermented 60. : The protein fraction of wheat soluble in alcohol is (A) Gliadin (B) Glutenin (C) Albumin (D) Globulin 61. : Baking powder is a mixture of (A) Sodium bicarbonate and acid salts (B) Yeast and sugar (C) Salt and starch (D) Enzymes 62. : The ideal temperature for yeast fermentation in dough is around (A) 27–30°C (B) 10°C (C) 40°C (D) 55°C 63. : The term “proofing” in bread making refers to (A) Fermentation of dough (B) Mixing of ingredients (C) Baking stage (D) Cooling process 64. : The main purpose of adding sugar in bakery products is (A) Flavor and fermentation aid (B) Coloring only (C) Moisture reduction (D) Preservative 65. : The main gas responsible for dough rising is (A) Carbon dioxide (B) Oxygen (C) Nitrogen (D) Hydrogen 66. : The process of heating dough to form bread is called (A) Baking (B) Toasting (C) Drying (D) Steaming 67. : The enzyme that converts starch into maltose during fermentation is (A) Amylase (B) Lipase (C) Protease (D) Maltase 68. : The main cereal used for bread production is (A) Wheat (B) Maize (C) Rice (D) Barley 69. : The structure of bread crumb depends mainly on (A) Gluten strength (B) Water temperature (C) Baking time (D) Fat content 70. : Maillard browning in baked products is due to the reaction between (A) Amino acids and reducing sugars (B) Acids and fats (C) Minerals and proteins (D) Water and sugar 71. : The moisture content of flour is generally around (A) 12–14% (B) 5% (C) 25% (D) 30% 72. : The flour with high protein content is used for making (A) Bread (B) Cakes (C) Biscuits (D) Pastry 73. : The primary leavening agent in cakes is (A) Baking powder (B) Yeast (C) Air (D) Steam 74. : Shortening in bakery products improves (A) Tenderness and texture (B) Color (C) Flavor only (D) Nutritional value 75. : Staling of bread is due to (A) Retrogradation of starch (B) Microbial spoilage (C) Loss of protein (D) Moisture addition 76. : Whole wheat flour contains (A) Bran, germ, and endosperm (B) Endosperm only (C) Germ only (D) Bran only 77. : The process of preheating ovens before baking is called (A) Preheating (B) Proofing (C) Conditioning (D) Tempering 78. : Enrichment of flour involves adding (A) Vitamins and minerals (B) Sugar (C) Fat (D) Fiber only 79. : The by-product of wheat milling used for livestock feed is (A) Bran (B) Gluten (C) Flour dust (D) Malt 80. : The baking time and temperature depend on (A) Product size and type (B) Oven color (C) Room humidity only (D) Air pressure 81. : The main cereal used in breakfast flakes is (A) Corn (B) Rice (C) Wheat (D) Oats 82. : The compound responsible for rancid flavor in stored flour is (A) Free fatty acids (B) Alcohols (C) Acetone (D) Proteins 83. : The pigment responsible for the yellow color of wheat flour is (A) Carotenoid (B) Chlorophyll (C) Anthocyanin (D) Tannin 84. : The fermentation process in sourdough bread involves (A) Yeast and lactic acid bacteria (B) Only yeast (C) Only bacteria (D) Mold 85. : Gluten-free bakery products are made from (A) Rice and corn flour (B) Wheat flour (C) Rye (D) Barley 86. : The main purpose of emulsifiers in bakery is (A) Improve texture and shelf life (B) Add color (C) Reduce calories (D) Increase sweetness 87. : Baking soda is chemically known as (A) Sodium bicarbonate (B) Potassium carbonate (C) Calcium carbonate (D) Sodium chloride 88. : The rate of fermentation in dough is affected by (A) Temperature and sugar concentration (B) Color of flour (C) Type of oven (D) Amount of air 89. : The water absorption capacity of flour depends on (A) Protein content (B) Color (C) Fat content (D) Sugar level 90. : The equipment used for mixing bakery dough is called (A) Dough mixer (B) Roller (C) Proofer (D) Oven 91. : The term “oven spring” refers to (A) Rapid rise of dough during early baking (B) Cooling of bread (C) Proofing process (D) Mixing stage 92. : Crust formation in bread occurs due to (A) Evaporation of surface moisture (B) Protein denaturation (C) Gluten breakdown (D) Fat oxidation 93. : The shelf life of bread can be increased by (A) Using antifungal agents like calcium propionate (B) Adding sugar (C) Decreasing protein (D) Baking at lower temperature 94. : The main cause of mold spoilage in bakery products is (A) Improper storage humidity (B) Excess sugar (C) High protein (D) Gluten strength 95. : Cookies differ from cakes mainly in (A) Lower moisture content (B) Higher sugar (C) More eggs (D) Less fat 96. : The enzyme that breaks down protein during dough fermentation is (A) Protease (B) Lipase (C) Amylase (D) Oxidase 97. : The primary function of salt in bread dough is (A) Strengthen gluten and control yeast activity (B) Add sweetness (C) Act as a preservative (D) Change color 98. : Bread is baked at an internal temperature of approximately (A) 95–98°C (B) 60°C (C) 120°C (D) 45°C 99. : The main objective of bakery processing is to (A) Produce palatable, nutritious, and safe products (B) Reduce cost (C) Change grain color (D) Remove nutrients 100. : The outermost layer of a wheat grain is called (A) Bran (B) Endosperm (C) Germ (D) Aleurone layer 101. : The main protein present in wheat responsible for dough formation is (A) Gluten (B) Albumin (C) Casein (D) Collagen 102. : The main carbohydrate in cereals is (A) Starch (B) Cellulose (C) Pectin (D) Dextrin 103. : The process of converting grain into flour is known as (A) Milling (B) Fermentation (C) Blanching (D) Toasting 104. : The endosperm of wheat contains mainly (A) Starch and proteins (B) Fat and fiber (C) Vitamins (D) Pigments 105. : The germ portion of cereal grain is rich in (A) Fat and vitamins (B) Fiber (C) Starch (D) Water 106. : Leavening in bread is caused by (A) Carbon dioxide produced by yeast (B) Oxygen absorption (C) Evaporation of water (D) Addition of air 107. : The main microorganism used in bread making is (A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (B) Lactobacillus bulgaricus (C) Streptococcus lactis (D) Aspergillus niger 108. : Gluten is formed when (A) Wheat flour is mixed with water (B) Flour is dried (C) Flour is baked (D) Flour is fermented 109. : The protein fraction of wheat soluble in alcohol is (A) Gliadin (B) Glutenin (C) Albumin (D) Globulin 110. : Baking powder is a mixture of (A) Sodium bicarbonate and acid salts (B) Yeast and sugar (C) Salt and starch (D) Enzymes 111. : The ideal temperature for yeast fermentation in dough is around (A) 27–30°C (B) 10°C (C) 40°C (D) 55°C 112. : The term “proofing” in bread making refers to (A) Fermentation of dough (B) Mixing of ingredients (C) Baking stage (D) Cooling process 113. : The main purpose of adding sugar in bakery products is (A) Flavor and fermentation aid (B) Coloring only (C) Moisture reduction (D) Preservative 114. : The main gas responsible for dough rising is (A) Carbon dioxide (B) Oxygen (C) Nitrogen (D) Hydrogen 115. : The process of heating dough to form bread is called (A) Baking (B) Toasting (C) Drying (D) Steaming 116. : The enzyme that converts starch into maltose during fermentation is (A) Amylase (B) Lipase (C) Protease (D) Maltase 117. : The main cereal used for bread production is (A) Wheat (B) Maize (C) Rice (D) Barley 118. : The structure of bread crumb depends mainly on (A) Gluten strength (B) Water temperature (C) Baking time (D) Fat content 119. : Maillard browning in baked products is due to the reaction between (A) Amino acids and reducing sugars (B) Acids and fats (C) Minerals and proteins (D) Water and sugar 120. : The moisture content of flour is generally around (A) 12–14% (B) 5% (C) 25% (D) 30% 121. : The flour with high protein content is used for making (A) Bread (B) Cakes (C) Biscuits (D) Pastry 122. : The primary leavening agent in cakes is (A) Baking powder (B) Yeast (C) Air (D) Steam 123. : Shortening in bakery products improves (A) Tenderness and texture (B) Color (C) Flavor only (D) Nutritional value 124. : Staling of bread is due to (A) Retrogradation of starch (B) Microbial spoilage (C) Loss of protein (D) Moisture addition 125. : Whole wheat flour contains (A) Bran, germ, and endosperm (B) Endosperm only (C) Germ only (D) Bran only 126. : The process of preheating ovens before baking is called (A) Preheating (B) Proofing (C) Conditioning (D) Tempering 127. : Enrichment of flour involves adding (A) Vitamins and minerals (B) Sugar (C) Fat (D) Fiber only 128. : The by-product of wheat milling used for livestock feed is (A) Bran (B) Gluten (C) Flour dust (D) Malt 129. : The baking time and temperature depend on (A) Product size and type (B) Oven color (C) Room humidity only (D) Air pressure 130. : The main cereal used in breakfast flakes is (A) Corn (B) Rice (C) Wheat (D) Oats 131. : The compound responsible for rancid flavor in stored flour is (A) Free fatty acids (B) Alcohols (C) Acetone (D) Proteins 132. : The pigment responsible for the yellow color of wheat flour is (A) Carotenoid (B) Chlorophyll (C) Anthocyanin (D) Tannin 133. : The fermentation process in sourdough bread involves (A) Yeast and lactic acid bacteria (B) Only yeast (C) Only bacteria (D) Mold 134. : Gluten-free bakery products are made from (A) Rice and corn flour (B) Wheat flour (C) Rye (D) Barley 135. : The main purpose of emulsifiers in bakery is (A) Improve texture and shelf life (B) Add color (C) Reduce calories (D) Increase sweetness 136. : Baking soda is chemically known as (A) Sodium bicarbonate (B) Potassium carbonate (C) Calcium carbonate (D) Sodium chloride 137. : The rate of fermentation in dough is affected by (A) Temperature and sugar concentration (B) Color of flour (C) Type of oven (D) Amount of air 138. : The water absorption capacity of flour depends on (A) Protein content (B) Color (C) Fat content (D) Sugar level 139. : The equipment used for mixing bakery dough is called (A) Dough mixer (B) Roller (C) Proofer (D) Oven 140. : The term “oven spring” refers to (A) Rapid rise of dough during early baking (B) Cooling of bread (C) Proofing process (D) Mixing stage 141. : Crust formation in bread occurs due to (A) Evaporation of surface moisture (B) Protein denaturation (C) Gluten breakdown (D) Fat oxidation 142. : The shelf life of bread can be increased by (A) Using antifungal agents like calcium propionate (B) Adding sugar (C) Decreasing protein (D) Baking at lower temperature 143. : The main cause of mold spoilage in bakery products is (A) Improper storage humidity (B) Excess sugar (C) High protein (D) Gluten strength 144. : Cookies differ from cakes mainly in (A) Lower moisture content (B) Higher sugar (C) More eggs (D) Less fat 145. : The enzyme that breaks down protein during dough fermentation is (A) Protease (B) Lipase (C) Amylase (D) Oxidase 146. : The primary function of salt in bread dough is (A) Strengthen gluten and control yeast activity (B) Add sweetness (C) Act as a preservative (D) Change color 147. : Bread is baked at an internal temperature of approximately (A) 95–98°C (B) 60°C (C) 120°C (D) 45°C 148. : The main objective of bakery processing is to (A) Produce palatable, nutritious, and safe products (B) Reduce cost (C) Change grain color (D) Remove nutrients 149. : The outermost layer of a wheat grain is called (A) Bran (B) Endosperm (C) Germ (D) Aleurone layer 150. : The main protein present in wheat responsible for dough formation is (A) Gluten (B) Albumin (C) Casein (D) Collagen 151. : The main carbohydrate in cereals is (A) Starch (B) Cellulose (C) Pectin (D) Dextrin 152. : The process of converting grain into flour is known as (A) Milling (B) Fermentation (C) Blanching (D) Toasting 153. : The endosperm of wheat contains mainly (A) Starch and proteins (B) Fat and fiber (C) Vitamins (D) Pigments 154. : The germ portion of cereal grain is rich in (A) Fat and vitamins (B) Fiber (C) Starch (D) Water 155. : Leavening in bread is caused by (A) Carbon dioxide produced by yeast (B) Oxygen absorption (C) Evaporation of water (D) Addition of air 156. : The main microorganism used in bread making is (A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (B) Lactobacillus bulgaricus (C) Streptococcus lactis (D) Aspergillus niger 157. : Gluten is formed when (A) Wheat flour is mixed with water (B) Flour is dried (C) Flour is baked (D) Flour is fermented 158. : The protein fraction of wheat soluble in alcohol is (A) Gliadin (B) Glutenin (C) Albumin (D) Globulin 159. : Baking powder is a mixture of (A) Sodium bicarbonate and acid salts (B) Yeast and sugar (C) Salt and starch (D) Enzymes 160. : The ideal temperature for yeast fermentation in dough is around (A) 27–30°C (B) 10°C (C) 40°C (D) 55°C 161. : The term “proofing” in bread making refers to (A) Fermentation of dough (B) Mixing of ingredients (C) Baking stage (D) Cooling process 162. : The main purpose of adding sugar in bakery products is (A) Flavor and fermentation aid (B) Coloring only (C) Moisture reduction (D) Preservative 163. : The main gas responsible for dough rising is (A) Carbon dioxide (B) Oxygen (C) Nitrogen (D) Hydrogen 164. : The process of heating dough to form bread is called (A) Baking (B) Toasting (C) Drying (D) Steaming 165. : The enzyme that converts starch into maltose during fermentation is (A) Amylase (B) Lipase (C) Protease (D) Maltase 166. : The main cereal used for bread production is (A) Wheat (B) Maize (C) Rice (D) Barley 167. : The structure of bread crumb depends mainly on (A) Gluten strength (B) Water temperature (C) Baking time (D) Fat content 168. : Maillard browning in baked products is due to the reaction between (A) Amino acids and reducing sugars (B) Acids and fats (C) Minerals and proteins (D) Water and sugar 169. : The moisture content of flour is generally around (A) 12–14% (B) 5% (C) 25% (D) 30% 170. : The flour with high protein content is used for making (A) Bread (B) Cakes (C) Biscuits (D) Pastry 171. : The primary leavening agent in cakes is (A) Baking powder (B) Yeast (C) Air (D) Steam 172. : Shortening in bakery products improves (A) Tenderness and texture (B) Color (C) Flavor only (D) Nutritional value 173. : Staling of bread is due to (A) Retrogradation of starch (B) Microbial spoilage (C) Loss of protein (D) Moisture addition 174. : Whole wheat flour contains (A) Bran, germ, and endosperm (B) Endosperm only (C) Germ only (D) Bran only 175. : The process of preheating ovens before baking is called (A) Preheating (B) Proofing (C) Conditioning (D) Tempering 176. : Enrichment of flour involves adding (A) Vitamins and minerals (B) Sugar (C) Fat (D) Fiber only 177. : The by-product of wheat milling used for livestock feed is (A) Bran (B) Gluten (C) Flour dust (D) Malt 178. : The baking time and temperature depend on (A) Product size and type (B) Oven color (C) Room humidity only (D) Air pressure 179. : The main cereal used in breakfast flakes is (A) Corn (B) Rice (C) Wheat (D) Oats 180. : The compound responsible for rancid flavor in stored flour is (A) Free fatty acids (B) Alcohols (C) Acetone (D) Proteins 181. : The pigment responsible for the yellow color of wheat flour is (A) Carotenoid (B) Chlorophyll (C) Anthocyanin (D) Tannin 182. : The fermentation process in sourdough bread involves (A) Yeast and lactic acid bacteria (B) Only yeast (C) Only bacteria (D) Mold 183. : Gluten-free bakery products are made from (A) Rice and corn flour (B) Wheat flour (C) Rye (D) Barley 184. : The main purpose of emulsifiers in bakery is (A) Improve texture and shelf life (B) Add color (C) Reduce calories (D) Increase sweetness 185. : Baking soda is chemically known as (A) Sodium bicarbonate (B) Potassium carbonate (C) Calcium carbonate (D) Sodium chloride 186. : The rate of fermentation in dough is affected by (A) Temperature and sugar concentration (B) Color of flour (C) Type of oven (D) Amount of air 187. : The water absorption capacity of flour depends on (A) Protein content (B) Color (C) Fat content (D) Sugar level 188. : The equipment used for mixing bakery dough is called (A) Dough mixer (B) Roller (C) Proofer (D) Oven 189. : The term “oven spring” refers to (A) Rapid rise of dough during early baking (B) Cooling of bread (C) Proofing process (D) Mixing stage 190. : Crust formation in bread occurs due to (A) Evaporation of surface moisture (B) Protein denaturation (C) Gluten breakdown (D) Fat oxidation 191. : The shelf life of bread can be increased by (A) Using antifungal agents like calcium propionate (B) Adding sugar (C) Decreasing protein (D) Baking at lower temperature 192. : The main cause of mold spoilage in bakery products is (A) Improper storage humidity (B) Excess sugar (C) High protein (D) Gluten strength 193. : Cookies differ from cakes mainly in (A) Lower moisture content (B) Higher sugar (C) More eggs (D) Less fat 194. : The enzyme that breaks down protein during dough fermentation is (A) Protease (B) Lipase (C) Amylase (D) Oxidase 195. : The primary function of salt in bread dough is (A) Strengthen gluten and control yeast activity (B) Add sweetness (C) Act as a preservative (D) Change color 196. : Bread is baked at an internal temperature of approximately (A) 95–98°C (B) 60°C (C) 120°C (D) 45°C 197. : The main objective of bakery processing is to (A) Produce palatable, nutritious, and safe products (B) Reduce cost (C) Change grain color (D) Remove nutrients 198. : The outermost layer of a wheat grain is called (A) Bran (B) Endosperm (C) Germ (D) Aleurone layer 199. : The main protein present in wheat responsible for dough formation is (A) Gluten (B) Albumin (C) Casein (D) Collagen 200. : The main carbohydrate in cereals is (A) Starch (B) Cellulose (C) Pectin (D) Dextrin 201. : The process of converting grain into flour is known as (A) Milling (B) Fermentation (C) Blanching (D) Toasting 202. : The endosperm of wheat contains mainly (A) Starch and proteins (B) Fat and fiber (C) Vitamins (D) Pigments 203. : The germ portion of cereal grain is rich in (A) Fat and vitamins (B) Fiber (C) Starch (D) Water 204. : Leavening in bread is caused by (A) Carbon dioxide produced by yeast (B) Oxygen absorption (C) Evaporation of water (D) Addition of air 205. : The main microorganism used in bread making is (A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (B) Lactobacillus bulgaricus (C) Streptococcus lactis (D) Aspergillus niger 206. : Gluten is formed when (A) Wheat flour is mixed with water (B) Flour is dried (C) Flour is baked (D) Flour is fermented 207. : The protein fraction of wheat soluble in alcohol is (A) Gliadin (B) Glutenin (C) Albumin (D) Globulin 208. : Baking powder is a mixture of (A) Sodium bicarbonate and acid salts (B) Yeast and sugar (C) Salt and starch (D) Enzymes 209. : The ideal temperature for yeast fermentation in dough is around (A) 27–30°C (B) 10°C (C) 40°C (D) 55°C 210. : The term “proofing” in bread making refers to (A) Fermentation of dough (B) Mixing of ingredients (C) Baking stage (D) Cooling process 211. : The main purpose of adding sugar in bakery products is (A) Flavor and fermentation aid (B) Coloring only (C) Moisture reduction (D) Preservative 212. : The main gas responsible for dough rising is (A) Carbon dioxide (B) Oxygen (C) Nitrogen (D) Hydrogen 213. : The process of heating dough to form bread is called (A) Baking (B) Toasting (C) Drying (D) Steaming 214. : The enzyme that converts starch into maltose during fermentation is (A) Amylase (B) Lipase (C) Protease (D) Maltase 215. : The main cereal used for bread production is (A) Wheat (B) Maize (C) Rice (D) Barley 216. : The structure of bread crumb depends mainly on (A) Gluten strength (B) Water temperature (C) Baking time (D) Fat content 217. : Maillard browning in baked products is due to the reaction between (A) Amino acids and reducing sugars (B) Acids and fats (C) Minerals and proteins (D) Water and sugar 218. : The moisture content of flour is generally around (A) 12–14% (B) 5% (C) 25% (D) 30% 219. : The flour with high protein content is used for making (A) Bread (B) Cakes (C) Biscuits (D) Pastry 220. : The primary leavening agent in cakes is (A) Baking powder (B) Yeast (C) Air (D) Steam 221. : Shortening in bakery products improves (A) Tenderness and texture (B) Color (C) Flavor only (D) Nutritional value 222. : Staling of bread is due to (A) Retrogradation of starch (B) Microbial spoilage (C) Loss of protein (D) Moisture addition 223. : Whole wheat flour contains (A) Bran, germ, and endosperm (B) Endosperm only (C) Germ only (D) Bran only 224. : The process of preheating ovens before baking is called (A) Preheating (B) Proofing (C) Conditioning (D) Tempering 225. : Enrichment of flour involves adding (A) Vitamins and minerals (B) Sugar (C) Fat (D) Fiber only 226. : The by-product of wheat milling used for livestock feed is (A) Bran (B) Gluten (C) Flour dust (D) Malt 227. : The baking time and temperature depend on (A) Product size and type (B) Oven color (C) Room humidity only (D) Air pressure 228. : The main cereal used in breakfast flakes is (A) Corn (B) Rice (C) Wheat (D) Oats 229. : The compound responsible for rancid flavor in stored flour is (A) Free fatty acids (B) Alcohols (C) Acetone (D) Proteins 230. : The pigment responsible for the yellow color of wheat flour is (A) Carotenoid (B) Chlorophyll (C) Anthocyanin (D) Tannin 231. : The fermentation process in sourdough bread involves (A) Yeast and lactic acid bacteria (B) Only yeast (C) Only bacteria (D) Mold 232. : Gluten-free bakery products are made from (A) Rice and corn flour (B) Wheat flour (C) Rye (D) Barley 233. : The main purpose of emulsifiers in bakery is (A) Improve texture and shelf life (B) Add color (C) Reduce calories (D) Increase sweetness 234. : Baking soda is chemically known as (A) Sodium bicarbonate (B) Potassium carbonate (C) Calcium carbonate (D) Sodium chloride 235. : The rate of fermentation in dough is affected by (A) Temperature and sugar concentration (B) Color of flour (C) Type of oven (D) Amount of air 236. : The water absorption capacity of flour depends on (A) Protein content (B) Color (C) Fat content (D) Sugar level 237. : The equipment used for mixing bakery dough is called (A) Dough mixer (B) Roller (C) Proofer (D) Oven 238. : The term “oven spring” refers to (A) Rapid rise of dough during early baking (B) Cooling of bread (C) Proofing process (D) Mixing stage 239. : Crust formation in bread occurs due to (A) Evaporation of surface moisture (B) Protein denaturation (C) Gluten breakdown (D) Fat oxidation 240. : The shelf life of bread can be increased by (A) Using antifungal agents like calcium propionate (B) Adding sugar (C) Decreasing protein (D) Baking at lower temperature 241. : The main cause of mold spoilage in bakery products is (A) Improper storage humidity (B) Excess sugar (C) High protein (D) Gluten strength 242. : Cookies differ from cakes mainly in (A) Lower moisture content (B) Higher sugar (C) More eggs (D) Less fat 243. : The enzyme that breaks down protein during dough fermentation is (A) Protease (B) Lipase (C) Amylase (D) Oxidase 244. : The primary function of salt in bread dough is (A) Strengthen gluten and control yeast activity (B) Add sweetness (C) Act as a preservative (D) Change color 245. : Bread is baked at an internal temperature of approximately (A) 95–98°C (B) 60°C (C) 120°C (D) 45°C 246. : The main objective of bakery processing is to (A) Produce palatable, nutritious, and safe products (B) Reduce cost (C) Change grain color (D) Remove nutrients