Environmental Biotechnology — MCQs Biology 50 min Score: 0 Attempted: 0/50 Subscribe 1. Environmental biotechnology primarily focuses on: (A) Gene cloning in humans (B) Producing antibiotics only (C) Using biological systems to solve environmental problems (D) Industrial enzyme production 2. Bioremediation is: (A) The use of microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants (B) Production of antibiotics (C) Industrial fermentation of ethanol (D) DNA sequencing 3. Phytoremediation involves: (A) Using fungi to produce enzymes (B) Using plants to remove, degrade, or stabilize pollutants (C) Fermentation of sugars (D) Protein synthesis 4. Bioaugmentation refers to: (A) Using plants for soil enrichment (B) Adding specific microorganisms to polluted sites to accelerate biodegradation (C) DNA sequencing (D) Antibiotic production 5. Bioventing is a technique to: (A) Enhance microbial degradation of contaminants in unsaturated soils (B) Produce biofuels (C) Extract DNA (D) Purify enzymes 6. Composting is: (A) Chemical oxidation of waste (B) Microbial decomposition of organic waste to produce nutrient-rich compost (C) Production of ethanol (D) Protein degradation 7. Anaerobic digestion produces: (A) Oxygen from water (B) Biogas (methane and carbon dioxide) from organic waste (C) Citric acid from glucose (D) Proteins from amino acids 8. Biogas mainly consists of: (A) Carbon monoxide only (B) Oxygen and nitrogen (C) Hydrogen only (D) Methane and carbon dioxide 9. Microbial fuel cells generate: (A) Antibiotics (B) Electricity from microbial metabolism (C) Ethanol (D) Citric acid 10. Biofilters are used to: (A) Sequence DNA (B) Remove pollutants from air or water using microorganisms (C) Produce enzymes (D) Ferment sugars 11. Heavy metal contamination can be reduced by: (A) Microbial biosorption or phytoremediation (B) Alcohol fermentation (C) Protein synthesis (D) Industrial oxidation 12. Biosorption involves: (A) Alcohol production (B) Active DNA synthesis (C) Protein degradation (D) Passive binding of heavy metals by microbial biomass 13. Biodegradable plastics like PHAs are: (A) Petrochemical plastics (B) Produced by microorganisms to reduce plastic pollution (C) Synthetic polymers only (D) Metals 14. Oil spills can be treated by: (A) Algae only (B) Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (C) Plants only (D) Enzymes only 15. White rot fungi are used in environmental biotechnology for: (A) Alcohol fermentation (B) Producing antibiotics (C) Degrading lignin and pollutants in soil and water (D) Citric acid production 16. Biodegradation is faster for: (A) Proteins than sugars (B) Metals than organic compounds (C) Simple organic compounds than complex compounds (D) Lipids than cellulose 17. Environmental biotechnology contributes to: (A) Only industrial enzyme production (B) Waste management and pollution control (C) DNA sequencing only (D) Protein synthesis only 18. Bioleaching is used to: (A) Produce biofuels (B) Extract metals from ores using microorganisms (C) Ferment alcohol (D) Compost organic waste 19. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is used for: (A) Protein production (B) Producing antibiotics (C) Alcohol fermentation (D) Bioleaching of metals like copper and gold 20. Microbial consortia are important in: (A) Protein denaturation (B) Single-gene cloning (C) DNA sequencing (D) Biodegradation of complex pollutants 21. Landfills can be made safer by: (A) Physical compaction only (B) Chemical oxidation only (C) Burning waste only (D) Biodegradation of organic waste and leachate treatment 22. Environmental biotechnology helps in removing: (A) Only proteins (B) Only sugars (C) Organic pollutants, heavy metals, and xenobiotics (D) Only lipids 23. Xenobiotics are: (A) Enzymes (B) Natural sugars (C) Proteins (D) Synthetic or foreign chemical compounds not naturally found in nature 24. Industrial effluents can be treated using: (A) DNA sequencing (B) Microbial degradation or enzymatic treatment (C) Alcohol fermentation (D) Protein denaturation 25. Bioventing mainly enhances: (A) Antibiotic production (B) Fermentation (C) Oxygen supply to soil to stimulate aerobic degradation of hydrocarbons (D) DNA synthesis 26. Biosurfactants produced by microorganisms: (A) Ferment alcohol (B) Produce antibiotics (C) Help in biodegradation of hydrophobic pollutants (D) Denature proteins 27. Environmental biotechnology uses microorganisms to remove: (A) Phenols, dyes, pesticides, and heavy metals (B) Only DNA (C) Proteins only (D) Carbohydrates only 28. Microbial mats in wetlands help in: (A) Citric acid production (B) Producing antibiotics (C) Alcohol fermentation (D) Degrading organic pollutants naturally 29. Phytoextraction refers to: (A) RNA sequencing (B) DNA extraction (C) Uptake of metals from soil by plants for removal (D) Protein purification 30. Phytostabilization involves: (A) Alcohol production (B) Fermentation (C) DNA synthesis (D) Using plants to immobilize pollutants in soil 31. Biodegradable detergents are preferred because: (A) They are synthetic only (B) They are toxic (C) They produce heavy metals (D) They reduce water pollution 32. Microbial degradation of dyes in textile industry effluents is done by: (A) Yeast only (B) White rot fungi and bacteria (C) Bacillus only (D) Penicillium only 33. Sewage treatment involves: (A) Chemical oxidation only (B) Microbial decomposition of organic matter (C) Burning sewage (D) DNA extraction 34. Anaerobic sludge digesters produce: (A) Oxygen only (B) Methane-rich biogas (C) Citric acid (D) Proteins 35. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is enhanced by: (A) Protein denaturation (B) DNA sequencing (C) RNA transcription (D) Nutrient addition and aeration 36. Environmental biotechnology helps in: (A) Protein denaturation only (B) Producing non-biodegradable plastics only (C) DNA sequencing only (D) Sustainable management of natural resources 37. Biosensors in environmental biotechnology are used for: (A) Detection of pollutants and toxins (B) DNA sequencing (C) Alcohol production (D) Citric acid production 38. Heavy metal-resistant bacteria are used for: (A) Alcohol fermentation (B) Bioremediation of contaminated soils and water (C) Antibiotic production only (D) Citric acid production only 39. Bioreactors for environmental biotechnology are used to: (A) Sequence DNA only (B) Treat industrial effluents and produce biogas (C) Produce proteins only (D) Denature enzymes 40. Microbial degradation of chlorinated compounds requires: (A) Specialized bacteria capable of dehalogenation (B) Yeast only (C) Fungi only (D) Bacillus only 41. Environmental biotechnology contributes to: (A) Pollution control, waste management, and renewable energy production (B) Only DNA sequencing (C) Only protein synthesis (D) Only industrial fermentation 42. Biofilters in wastewater treatment remove: (A) Sugars only (B) Heavy metals only (C) Organic pollutants and odor (D) Proteins only 43. Microbial consortia are preferred in bioremediation because: (A) They denature proteins (B) Single species are always better (C) They produce ethanol (D) They degrade complex mixtures of pollutants more efficiently 44. Bioremediation can be applied to: (A) Plants only (B) Air only (C) Soil, water, and sediments (D) DNA only 45. Environmental biotechnology reduces: (A) Protein degradation only (B) Only DNA synthesis (C) Environmental pollution and enhances ecosystem sustainability (D) Industrial production only 46. Xenobiotic-degrading enzymes include: (A) Amylases only (B) Proteases only (C) Laccases, peroxidases, and oxygenases (D) Lipases only 47. Environmental biotechnology is important for: (A) DNA sequencing only (B) Renewable energy, pollution control, and sustainable development (C) Antibiotic production only (D) Industrial enzyme production only 48. Bioremediation is preferred over chemical methods because: (A) It is slower and expensive (B) It produces toxic by-products (C) It is eco-friendly and cost-effective (D) It uses heavy metals 49. Phytofiltration is a method to: (A) Produce antibiotics (B) Ferment sugar into ethanol (C) Sequence DNA (D) Remove pollutants from water using plants 50. Industrial effluent treatment using microbes is an example of: (A) DNA sequencing (B) Environmental biotechnology application (C) Protein denaturation (D) Alcohol fermentation