NSCT – Guess/Sample/Past Papers

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1. Which encoding technique converts analog signals into digital form?
(A) FDM
(B) PCM
(C) TDM
(D) ASK

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2. Which device regenerates signals in a network?
(A) Repeater
(B) Router
(C) Switch
(D) Bridge

3. Which topology has a single point of failure at central node?
(A) Star
(B) Ring
(C) Mesh
(D) Bus

4. Which protocol uses port 53?
(A) FTP
(B) Telnet
(C) HTTP
(D) DNS

5. Which technique divides data into smaller packets?
(A) Fragmentation
(B) Encapsulation
(C) Multiplexing
(D) Routing

6. Which addressing uses 128-bit length?
(A) IPv6
(B) IPv4
(C) MAC
(D) ARP

7. Which wireless standard operates at 2.4 GHz?
(A) Wi-Fi (802.11b)
(B) Bluetooth
(C) LTE
(D) NFC

8. Which cloud feature allows automatic scaling?
(A) Portability
(B) Reliability
(C) Elasticity
(D) Availability

9. Which attack uses fake IP address?
(A) DoS
(B) Phishing
(C) Sniffing
(D) Spoofing

10. Which protocol transfers files securely?
(A) FTP
(B) SMTP
(C) HTTP
(D) SFTP

11. Which keyword defines abstract class in Java?
(A) virtual
(B) abstract
(C) interface
(D) class

12. Which Python keyword creates anonymous function?
(A) def
(B) lambda
(C) func
(D) anon

13. Which operator checks identity in Python?
(A) ==
(B) is
(C) !=
(D) equals

14. Which loop is best when iterations are known?
(A) while
(B) for
(C) do-while
(D) recursive

15. Which concept groups multiple functions together?
(A) Loop
(B) Class
(C) Condition
(D) Variable

16. Which stream is used for error output in C++?
(A) cin
(B) cout
(C) cerr
(D) clog

17. Which Python method converts string to integer?
(A) int()
(B) str()
(C) float()
(D) convert()

18. Which data structure is fixed size?
(A) List
(B) Array
(C) Dictionary
(D) Set

19. Which OOP feature allows same interface different implementation?
(A) Encapsulation
(B) Abstraction
(C) Polymorphism
(D) Inheritance

20. Which memory allocation is dynamic?
(A) Stack
(B) Heap
(C) Cache
(D) Register

21. Which keyword releases memory in C++?
(A) free
(B) remove
(C) delete
(D) clear

22. Which Python file extension is used for modules?
(A) py
(B) mod
(C) pkg
(D) lib

23. Which programming concept avoids code duplication?
(A) Loop
(B) Variable
(C) Condition
(D) Function

24. Which concurrency issue causes race condition?
(A) Shared Data
(B) Parallelism
(C) Synchronization
(D) Compilation

25. Which testing finds runtime errors?
(A) Dynamic
(B) Static
(C) Compile-time
(D) Manual

26. Which structure is circular in nature?
(A) Circular Queue
(B) Array
(C) Stack
(D) Tree

27. Which tree is used in databases?
(A) AVL
(B) B-Tree
(C) Binary
(D) Heap

28. Which algorithm sorts in-place?
(A) Quick Sort
(B) Merge Sort
(C) Heap Sort
(D) Counting Sort

29. Which traversal is Left-Right-Root?
(A) Preorder
(B) Inorder
(C) Level order
(D) Postorder

30. Which algorithm detects shortest path in all pairs?
(A) Dijkstra
(B) Prim
(C) Floyd-Warshall
(D) Kruskal

31. Which technique explores all possibilities?
(A) Greedy
(B) Divide & Conquer
(C) DP
(D) Backtracking

32. Which hash technique uses second function?
(A) Linear Probing
(B) Double Hashing
(C) Quadratic Probing
(D) Chaining

33. Which structure is non-linear?
(A) Array
(B) Tree
(C) Linked List
(D) Stack

34. Which complexity is best?
(A) O(log n)
(B) O(n log n)
(C) O(n²)
(D) O(n)

35. Which algorithm uses greedy approach?
(A) Merge Sort
(B) DFS
(C) Binary Search
(D) Prim

36. Which scheduling gives equal time slice?
(A) FCFS
(B) Round Robin
(C) SJF
(D) Priority

37. Which OS component handles interrupts?
(A) Shell
(B) Kernel
(C) Compiler
(D) Loader

38. Which thread is lightweight?
(A) User Thread
(B) Kernel Thread
(C) Process
(D) Batch Job

39. Which deadlock condition involves waiting cycle?
(A) Circular Wait
(B) Hold & Wait
(C) Mutual Exclusion
(D) Preemption

40. Which memory replaces pages frequently?
(A) Paging
(B) Caching
(C) Segmentation
(D) Thrashing

41. Which model delivers quickly with minimal planning?
(A) Big Bang
(B) Agile
(C) Waterfall
(D) Spiral

42. Which software development model emphasizes working software over comprehensive documentation and adapts to changing requirements?
(A) Waterfall
(B) V-Model
(C) Spiral
(D) Agile

43. Which design ensures high cohesion?
(A) Tight Coupling
(B) Complex Design
(C) Random Design
(D) Modular Design

44. Which architecture separates concerns?
(A) Layered
(B) Monolithic
(C) Spaghetti
(D) Adhoc

45. Which testing is done by users?
(A) Unit
(B) Integration
(C) Acceptance
(D) System

46. Which metric measures defects?
(A) Defect Density
(B) LOC
(C) FP
(D) Throughput

47. Which tool manages dependencies?
(A) Maven
(B) Git
(C) Debugger
(D) Compiler

48. Which risk affects budget?
(A) Technical
(B) Financial
(C) Schedule
(D) Requirement

49. Which practice involves writing code that is resistant to vulnerabilities such as SQL injection and buffer overflow?
(A) Code Compilation
(B) Code Optimization
(C) Secure Coding
(D) Code Refactoring

50. Which phase fixes bugs?
(A) Analysis
(B) Design
(C) Maintenance
(D) Coding

51. Which tag defines heading?
(A) (B) (C) (D)

52. Which CSS unit is relative?
(A) px
(B) cm
(C) em
(D) mm

53. Which JS event triggers on click?
(A) onhover
(B) onclick
(C) onpress
(D) onload

54. Which HTTP status means success?
(A) 200
(B) 404
(C) 500
(D) 301

55. Which backend language runs on server?
(A) HTML
(B) CSS
(C) XML
(D) PHP

56. Which DB operation inserts data?
(A) SELECT
(B) DELETE
(C) UPDATE
(D) INSERT

57. Which attack exploits scripts?
(A) XSS
(B) SQL Injection
(C) DoS
(D) Spoofing

58. Which improves responsiveness?
(A) Logging
(B) Encryption
(C) Responsive Design
(D) Debugging

59. Which protocol secures HTTP?
(A) IP
(B) FTP
(C) TCP
(D) SSL

60. Which technology connects frontend & backend?
(A) API
(B) HTML
(C) CSS
(D) XML

61. Which ML technique predicts continuous values?
(A) Classification
(B) Clustering
(C) Regression
(D) Association

62. Which model splits data?
(A) Train-Test
(B) Clustering
(C) Scaling
(D) Encoding

63. Which method standardizes data?
(A) Splitting
(B) Encoding
(C) Cleaning
(D) Scaling

64. Which clustering finds density?
(A) K-means
(B) DBSCAN
(C) Hierarchical
(D) SVM

65. Which library visualizes data?
(A) NumPy
(B) Pandas
(C) TensorFlow
(D) Matplotlib

66. Which network is deep learning model?
(A) ANN
(B) CNN
(C) RNN
(D) All

67. Which reduces variance?
(A) Bagging
(B) Boosting
(C) Scaling
(D) Encoding

68. Which metric measures error?
(A) Accuracy
(B) Loss
(C) Precision
(D) Recall

69. Which pipeline deploys model?
(A) SecOps
(B) DevOps
(C) DataOps
(D) MLOps

70. Which ensures fairness in AI?
(A) Bias Removal
(B) Accuracy
(C) Precision
(D) Recall

71. Which attack records keystrokes?
(A) Virus
(B) Trojan
(C) Worm
(D) Keylogger

72. Which protects network perimeter?
(A) Antivirus
(B) IDS
(C) Firewall
(D) VPN

73. Which encryption is asymmetric?
(A) RSA
(B) DES
(C) AES
(D) Blowfish

74. Which attack overloads server?
(A) Spoofing
(B) Phishing
(C) DoS
(D) Sniffing

75. Which verifies identity?
(A) Hashing
(B) Authorization
(C) Encryption
(D) Authentication

76. Which SQL removes data?
(A) CLEAR
(B) DROP
(C) REMOVE
(D) DELETE

77. Which constraint ensures uniqueness?
(A) NOT NULL
(B) UNIQUE
(C) CHECK
(D) DEFAULT

78. Which join shows unmatched rows?
(A) Outer
(B) Inner
(C) Cross
(D) Natural

79. Which mechanism recovers DB after crash?
(A) Backup
(B) Locking
(C) Recovery
(D) Indexing

80. Which system distributes DB across nodes?
(A) Centralized
(B) Relational
(C) Distributed
(D) Hierarchical

81. Which technique finds hidden patterns?
(A) Indexing
(B) Sorting
(C) Searching
(D) Mining

82. Which reasoning uses rules?
(A) Deductive
(B) Inductive
(C) Abductive
(D) Guessing

83. Next number: 1, 4, 9, 16, ?
(A) 20
(B) 24
(C) 25
(D) 30

84. If 2x=10, x=?
(A) 2
(B) 10
(C) 5
(D) 20

85. Which improves logic building?
(A) Copying
(B) Guessing
(C) Practice
(D) Ignoring

86. Which method breaks problem?
(A) Compilation
(B) Decomposition
(C) Execution
(D) Testing

87. Which finds error source?
(A) Coding
(B) Debugging
(C) Testing
(D) Execution

88. Which reduces redundancy?
(A) Optimization
(B) Abstraction
(C) Compilation
(D) Execution

89. Which displays relation visually?
(A) Text
(B) Code
(C) Table
(D) Graph

90. Which approach is approximate?
(A) Heuristic
(B) Exact
(C) Linear
(D) Sequential

91. Which validates solution?
(A) Coding
(B) Testing
(C) Execution
(D) Deployment

92. Which improves runtime?
(A) Size
(B) Efficiency
(C) Cost
(D) Complexity

93. Which identifies problem constraints?
(A) Coding
(B) Design
(C) Testing
(D) Analysis

94. Which solves large data efficiently?
(A) Brute Force
(B) Linear
(C) Naive
(D) Optimized Algorithm

95. Which approach gives near-optimal solution?
(A) Exhaustive
(B) Exact
(C) Heuristic
(D) Linear

96. Which improves understanding?
(A) Code
(B) Comments
(C) Execution
(D) Compilation

97. Which ensures maintainability?
(A) Complexity
(B) Readability
(C) Size
(D) Cost

98. Which organizes data logically?
(A) Mining
(B) Sorting
(C) Searching
(D) Structuring

99. Which identifies logic error?
(A) Debugger
(B) Compiler
(C) Loader
(D) Linker

100. Which step implements solution?
(A) Analysis
(B) Coding
(C) Design
(D) Testing