1. Which encoding technique converts analog signals into digital form?
(A) FDM
(B) PCM
(C) TDM
(D) ASK
2. Which device regenerates signals in a network?
(A) Repeater
(B) Router
(C) Switch
(D) Bridge
3. Which topology has a single point of failure at central node?
(A) Star
(B) Ring
(C) Mesh
(D) Bus
4. Which protocol uses port 53?
(A) FTP
(B) Telnet
(C) HTTP
(D) DNS
5. Which technique divides data into smaller packets?
(A) Fragmentation
(B) Encapsulation
(C) Multiplexing
(D) Routing
6. Which addressing uses 128-bit length?
(A) IPv6
(B) IPv4
(C) MAC
(D) ARP
7. Which wireless standard operates at 2.4 GHz?
(A) Wi-Fi (802.11b)
(B) Bluetooth
(C) LTE
(D) NFC
8. Which cloud feature allows automatic scaling?
(A) Portability
(B) Reliability
(C) Elasticity
(D) Availability
9. Which attack uses fake IP address?
(A) DoS
(B) Phishing
(C) Sniffing
(D) Spoofing
10. Which protocol transfers files securely?
(A) FTP
(B) SMTP
(C) HTTP
(D) SFTP
11. Which keyword defines abstract class in Java?
(A) virtual
(B) abstract
(C) interface
(D) class
12. Which Python keyword creates anonymous function?
(A) def
(B) lambda
(C) func
(D) anon
13. Which operator checks identity in Python?
(A) ==
(B) is
(C) !=
(D) equals
14. Which loop is best when iterations are known?
(A) while
(B) for
(C) do-while
(D) recursive
15. Which concept groups multiple functions together?
(A) Loop
(B) Class
(C) Condition
(D) Variable
16. Which stream is used for error output in C++?
(A) cin
(B) cout
(C) cerr
(D) clog
17. Which Python method converts string to integer?
(A) int()
(B) str()
(C) float()
(D) convert()
18. Which data structure is fixed size?
(A) List
(B) Array
(C) Dictionary
(D) Set
19. Which OOP feature allows same interface different implementation?
(A) Encapsulation
(B) Abstraction
(C) Polymorphism
(D) Inheritance
20. Which memory allocation is dynamic?
(A) Stack
(B) Heap
(C) Cache
(D) Register
21. Which keyword releases memory in C++?
(A) free
(B) remove
(C) delete
(D) clear
22. Which Python file extension is used for modules?
(A) py
(B) mod
(C) pkg
(D) lib
23. Which programming concept avoids code duplication?
(A) Loop
(B) Variable
(C) Condition
(D) Function
24. Which concurrency issue causes race condition?
(A) Shared Data
(B) Parallelism
(C) Synchronization
(D) Compilation
25. Which testing finds runtime errors?
(A) Dynamic
(B) Static
(C) Compile-time
(D) Manual
26. Which structure is circular in nature?
(A) Circular Queue
(B) Array
(C) Stack
(D) Tree
27. Which tree is used in databases?
(A) AVL
(B) B-Tree
(C) Binary
(D) Heap
28. Which algorithm sorts in-place?
(A) Quick Sort
(B) Merge Sort
(C) Heap Sort
(D) Counting Sort
29. Which traversal is Left-Right-Root?
(A) Preorder
(B) Inorder
(C) Level order
(D) Postorder
30. Which algorithm detects shortest path in all pairs?
(A) Dijkstra
(B) Prim
(C) Floyd-Warshall
(D) Kruskal
31. Which technique explores all possibilities?
(A) Greedy
(B) Divide & Conquer
(C) DP
(D) Backtracking
32. Which hash technique uses second function?
(A) Linear Probing
(B) Double Hashing
(C) Quadratic Probing
(D) Chaining
33. Which structure is non-linear?
(A) Array
(B) Tree
(C) Linked List
(D) Stack
34. Which complexity is best?
(A) O(log n)
(B) O(n log n)
(C) O(n²)
(D) O(n)
35. Which algorithm uses greedy approach?
(A) Merge Sort
(B) DFS
(C) Binary Search
(D) Prim
36. Which scheduling gives equal time slice?
(A) FCFS
(B) Round Robin
(C) SJF
(D) Priority
37. Which OS component handles interrupts?
(A) Shell
(B) Kernel
(C) Compiler
(D) Loader
38. Which thread is lightweight?
(A) User Thread
(B) Kernel Thread
(C) Process
(D) Batch Job
39. Which deadlock condition involves waiting cycle?
(A) Circular Wait
(B) Hold & Wait
(C) Mutual Exclusion
(D) Preemption
40. Which memory replaces pages frequently?
(A) Paging
(B) Caching
(C) Segmentation
(D) Thrashing
41. Which model delivers quickly with minimal planning?
(A) Big Bang
(B) Agile
(C) Waterfall
(D) Spiral
42. Which software development model emphasizes working software over comprehensive documentation and adapts to changing requirements?
(A) Waterfall
(B) V-Model
(C) Spiral
(D) Agile
43. Which design ensures high cohesion?
(A) Tight Coupling
(B) Complex Design
(C) Random Design
(D) Modular Design
44. Which architecture separates concerns?
(A) Layered
(B) Monolithic
(C) Spaghetti
(D) Adhoc
45. Which testing is done by users?
(A) Unit
(B) Integration
(C) Acceptance
(D) System
46. Which metric measures defects?
(A) Defect Density
(B) LOC
(C) FP
(D) Throughput
47. Which tool manages dependencies?
(A) Maven
(B) Git
(C) Debugger
(D) Compiler
48. Which risk affects budget?
(A) Technical
(B) Financial
(C) Schedule
(D) Requirement
49. Which practice involves writing code that is resistant to vulnerabilities such as SQL injection and buffer overflow?
(A) Code Compilation
(B) Code Optimization
(C) Secure Coding
(D) Code Refactoring
50. Which phase fixes bugs?
(A) Analysis
(B) Design
(C) Maintenance
(D) Coding
51. Which tag defines heading?
(A)