Q#1: Innovation is best defined as:
(A) Routine organizational work
(B) Traditional production method
(C) The process of creating and introducing new products, services, or processes into the marketplace
(D) Employee motivation system
Answer: (C) The process of creating and introducing new products, services, or processes into the marketplace
Q#2: Adhocracy refers to:
(A) Highly formalized structure with strict hierarchy
(B) Structure in which decision-making is centralized
(C) Flexible structure where experts hold power and decision-making is widely distributed
(D) Bureaucratic system with rigid rules
Answer: (C) Flexible structure where experts hold power and decision-making is widely distributed
Q#3: Bounded rationality means:
(A) Perfect decision-making ability
(B) Decision makers consider all alternatives
(C) Decision makers cannot process all information and choose a limited set of alternatives
(D) Emotional decision-making process
Answer: (C) Decision makers cannot process all information and choose a limited set of alternatives
Q#4: Organizational development is:
(A) Employee firing process
(B) Planned change and improvement using behavioral science knowledge
(C) Financial restructuring
(D) Marketing strategy design
Answer: (B) Planned change and improvement using behavioral science knowledge
Q#5: Intrapreneurship refers to:
(A) Starting a new independent business
(B) Entrepreneurial activity within a large organization
(C) Government business control
(D) External outsourcing system
Answer: (B) Entrepreneurial activity within a large organization
Q#6: Administrative hierarchy is:
(A) Informal communication system
(B) Reporting structure from lowest to highest managerial level
(C) Customer feedback system
(D) Production system
Answer: (B) Reporting structure from lowest to highest managerial level
Q#7: Cognitive dissonance is:
(A) Job satisfaction
(B) Conflict between two contradictory thoughts or perceptions
(C) Motivation system
(D) Organizational reward system
Answer: (B) Conflict between two contradictory thoughts or perceptions
Q#8: Organizational culture is:
(A) Legal framework of organization
(B) Financial structure
(C) Set of shared values guiding acceptable behavior
(D) Marketing strategy
Answer: (C) Set of shared values guiding acceptable behavior
Q#9: Centralization means:
(A) Decision-making at lower levels
(B) Decision-making authority concentrated at top level
(C) No decision structure
(D) Employee participation in all decisions
Answer: (B) Decision-making authority concentrated at top level
Q#10: Delegation refers to:
(A) Hiring employees
(B) Transferring authority to others to make decisions
(C) Training employees
(D) Group decision making
Answer: (B) Transferring authority to others to make decisions
Q#11: Decision making is:
(A) Hiring process
(B) Choosing from alternatives
(C) Performance evaluation
(D) Motivation system
Answer: (B) Choosing from alternatives
Q#12: Radical innovation is:
(A) Small improvement in existing product
(B) Minor process change
(C) Major breakthrough that creates or changes industries
(D) Employee training method
Answer: (C) Major breakthrough that creates or changes industries
Q#13: Organizational environment includes:
(A) Only internal employees
(B) Everything outside organization affecting it
(C) Only competitors
(D) Only customers
Answer: (B) Everything outside organization affecting it
Q#14: Mechanistic structure is:
(A) Flexible and informal
(B) Network-based structure
(C) Highly formalized, hierarchical structure
(D) Customer-based structure
Answer: (C) Highly formalized, hierarchical structure
Q#15: Organic structure is:
(A) Strict hierarchy
(B) Bureaucratic system
(C) Flexible network structure with horizontal communication
(D) Military system
Answer: (C) Flexible network structure with horizontal communication
Q#16: Social loafing is:
(A) High group performance
(B) Working harder in groups
(C) Reduced effort in group work compared to individual work
(D) Leadership style
Answer: (C) Reduced effort in group work compared to individual work
Q#17: Virtual teams are:
(A) Teams in same office only
(B) Teams working face-to-face only
(C) Teams collaborating through technology from different locations
(D) Temporary committees
Answer: (C) Teams collaborating through technology from different locations
Q#18: Group polarization refers to:
(A) Group unity
(B) Neutral group decision
(C) Shift toward more extreme decisions after group discussion
(D) Conflict reduction
Answer: (C) Shift toward more extreme decisions after group discussion
Q#19: Nominal Group Technique is:
(A) Random discussion method
(B) Face-to-face discussion without structure
(C) Structured decision-making technique with independent idea generation and voting
(D) Manager-only decision method
Answer: (C) Structured decision-making technique with independent idea generation and voting
Q#20: Rational decision making approach is:
(A) Emotional decision process
(B) Step-by-step systematic process
(C) Random selection method
(D) Group pressure decision method
Answer: (B) Step-by-step systematic process
Q#21: Machine bureaucracy is:
(A) Flexible organization
(B) Highly specialized and formalized large organization
(C) Startup structure
(D) Informal group system
Answer: (B) Highly specialized and formalized large organization
Q#22: Simple structure is:
(A) Complex organization
(B) Large bureaucratic system
(C) Small organization with centralized power and low formalization
(D) Matrix system
Answer: (C) Small organization with centralized power and low formalization
Q#23: Organizational downsizing means:
(A) Increasing employees
(B) Expanding departments
(C) Reducing staff and middle management to reduce cost
(D) Increasing production
Answer: (C) Reducing staff and middle management to reduce cost
Q#24: Authority means:
(A) Informal influence
(B) Power legitimized in a social context
(C) Employee motivation
(D) Group behavior
Answer: (B) Power legitimized in a social context
Q#25: Organizational socialization is:
(A) Hiring process
(B) Employee training only
(C) Process through which employees learn organizational culture
(D) Marketing process
Answer: (C) Process through which employees learn organizational culture
Q#26: Delphi technique is:
(A) Group brainstorming
(B) Expert judgment method using systematic feedback rounds
(C) Random survey
(D) Interview method
Answer: (B) Expert judgment method using systematic feedback rounds
Q#27: Quality of work life refers to:
(A) Salary only
(B) Work schedule
(C) Employee ability to satisfy personal needs through work
(D) Production level
Answer: (C) Employee ability to satisfy personal needs through work
Q#28: Formalization means:
(A) Flexible rules
(B) Degree of rules and procedures in organization
(C) No rules
(D) Informal behavior
Answer: (B) Degree of rules and procedures in organization
Q#29: Group norms are:
(A) Legal rules
(B) Shared beliefs about expected behavior in a group
(C) Financial policies
(D) Management strategies
Answer: (B) Shared beliefs about expected behavior in a group
Q#30: Task environment includes:
(A) Internal departments
(B) Only employees
(C) Direct external stakeholders like customers, competitors, suppliers
(D) Government only
Answer: (C) Direct external stakeholders like customers, competitors, suppliers