Q1. Software construction is:
(A) The process of designing, coding, and debugging software
(B) Hardware installation
(C) UI design only
(D) Database management
Answer: (A) The process of designing, coding, and debugging software
Q2. The main goal of software construction is:
(A) Build a reliable, efficient, and maintainable system
(B) Install hardware
(C) Design UI only
(D) Configure network
Answer: (A) Build a reliable, efficient, and maintainable system
Q3. Coding standards help in:
(A) Improving readability and maintainability
(B) Hardware installation
(C) Database setup
(D) UI layout only
Answer: (A) Improving readability and maintainability
Q4. Comments in code are used for:
(A) Explain code to humans
(B) Improve performance
(C) Increase memory usage
(D) Install software
Answer: (A) Explain code to humans
Q5. Variable naming conventions improve:
(A) Code readability and maintainability
(B) Database design
(C) UI layout
(D) Hardware efficiency
Answer: (A) Code readability and maintainability
Q6. Modular programming emphasizes:
(A) Dividing code into independent modules
(B) Writing monolithic code
(C) Hardware installation
(D) UI screens
Answer: (A) Dividing code into independent modules
Q7. Functions or methods improve:
(A) Code reusability and clarity
(B) Hardware setup
(C) UI layout
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Code reusability and clarity
Q8. Loop constructs are used to:
(A) Repeat code execution
(B) Assign variables only
(C) Manage hardware
(D) Design UI
Answer: (A) Repeat code execution
Q9. Conditional statements allow:
(A) Decision-making in code
(B) Hardware configuration
(C) UI layout
(D) Database creation
Answer: (A) Decision-making in code
Q10. Recursion is:
(A) Function calling itself
(B) Looping only
(C) Database query
(D) UI action
Answer: (A) Function calling itself
Q11. Software debugging is:
(A) Process of finding and fixing defects
(B) Writing code only
(C) UI design
(D) Hardware installation
Answer: (A) Process of finding and fixing defects
Q12. Unit testing checks:
(A) Individual code modules
(B) Full system
(C) Hardware only
(D) UI layout
Answer: (A) Individual code modules
Q13. Code refactoring is:
(A) Improving code structure without changing behavior
(B) Deleting code
(C) Hardware setup
(D) UI redesign
Answer: (A) Improving code structure without changing behavior
Q14. Software construction should follow:
(A) Design specifications and coding standards
(B) Hardware manuals
(C) UI templates only
(D) Database schema only
Answer: (A) Design specifications and coding standards
Q15. High cohesion in modules ensures:
(A) Modules perform a single, focused task
(B) Hardware efficiency
(C) UI layout
(D) Database optimization
Answer: (A) Modules perform a single, focused task
Q16. Low coupling in modules ensures:
(A) Minimal dependency between modules
(B) Database only
(C) UI design only
(D) Hardware setup
Answer: (A) Minimal dependency between modules
Q17. Code reviews help in:
(A) Detecting defects and improving quality
(B) Installing hardware
(C) UI redesign
(D) Database design
Answer: (A) Detecting defects and improving quality
Q18. Pair programming is a technique where:
(A) Two programmers work together on the same code
(B) One writes code, the other writes hardware
(C) Database queries only
(D) UI screens only
Answer: (A) Two programmers work together on the same code
Q19. Version control systems help in:
(A) Managing code changes and collaboration
(B) Installing hardware
(C) UI layout
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Managing code changes and collaboration
Q20. Common version control tools include:
(A) Git, SVN, Mercurial
(B) Windows, Linux, MacOS
(C) MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server
(D) Photoshop, Illustrator
Answer: (A) Git, SVN, Mercurial
Q21. Integrated Development Environment (IDE) helps in:
(A) Writing, testing, and debugging code efficiently
(B) Hardware installation
(C) UI design only
(D) Database creation
Answer: (A) Writing, testing, and debugging code efficiently
Q22. IDE examples include:
(A) Eclipse, Visual Studio, IntelliJ IDEA
(B) Oracle, MySQL, SQL Server
(C) Photoshop, CorelDRAW
(D) Windows, Linux
Answer: (A) Eclipse, Visual Studio, IntelliJ IDEA
Q23. Syntax errors occur due to:
(A) Violating programming language rules
(B) Hardware failure
(C) Database crash
(D) UI error
Answer: (A) Violating programming language rules
Q24. Logical errors occur due to:
(A) Incorrect program logic
(B) Hardware failure
(C) Database crash
(D) UI error
Answer: (A) Incorrect program logic
Q25. Runtime errors occur due to:
(A) Problems during program execution
(B) Hardware failure
(C) UI issues
(D) Database design
Answer: (A) Problems during program execution
Q26. Exception handling helps in:
(A) Managing runtime errors gracefully
(B) Writing code only
(C) Database only
(D) UI layout
Answer: (A) Managing runtime errors gracefully
Q27. Common exception handling constructs include:
(A) Try, Catch, Finally
(B) Loop and If
(C) Class and Object
(D) UI and Database
Answer: (A) Try, Catch, Finally
Q28. Constants in code represent:
(A) Fixed values that do not change
(B) Variables that change
(C) Database keys only
(D) UI elements only
Answer: (A) Fixed values that do not change
Q29. Variables in code represent:
(A) Storage locations that can hold data
(B) Fixed values
(C) Database tables only
(D) UI screens only
Answer: (A) Storage locations that can hold data
Q30. Data types define:
(A) Kind of data a variable can store
(B) Hardware type
(C) UI color
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Kind of data a variable can store
Q31. Primitive data types include:
(A) Integer, Float, Char, Boolean
(B) Class, Object
(C) Table, Record
(D) Button, Textbox
Answer: (A) Integer, Float, Char, Boolean
Q32. Arrays are:
(A) Collection of elements of same type
(B) Single variables
(C) Database only
(D) UI screens
Answer: (A) Collection of elements of same type
Q33. Pointers store:
(A) Memory addresses of variables
(B) Values only
(C) UI colors
(D) Database references only
Answer: (A) Memory addresses of variables
Q34. Loops include:
(A) For, While, Do-While
(B) If, Switch
(C) Class, Object
(D) Try, Catch
Answer: (A) For, While, Do-While
Q35. Conditional statements include:
(A) If, If-Else, Switch
(B) For, While
(C) Try, Catch
(D) Class, Object
Answer: (A) If, If-Else, Switch
Q36. Functions/methods provide:
(A) Code modularity and reuse
(B) Hardware setup
(C) UI only
(D) Database tables only
Answer: (A) Code modularity and reuse
Q37. Parameters in functions are used to:
(A) Pass data to methods
(B) Install hardware
(C) UI only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Pass data to methods
Q38. Return statement in a function:
(A) Sends value back to caller
(B) Ends hardware process
(C) UI layout only
(D) Database update only
Answer: (A) Sends value back to caller
Q39. Recursion should have:
(A) Base condition
(B) Infinite loop
(C) Hardware setup
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Base condition
Q40. Code optimization improves:
(A) Performance and memory usage
(B) UI design only
(C) Hardware only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Performance and memory usage
Q41. Code readability can be improved using:
(A) Proper indentation and comments
(B) Hardware setup
(C) Database only
(D) UI colors only
Answer: (A) Proper indentation and comments
Q42. Defensive programming involves:
(A) Anticipating and handling potential errors
(B) Writing code only
(C) Database design
(D) UI layout
Answer: (A) Anticipating and handling potential errors
Q43. Assertions are used to:
(A) Verify assumptions during execution
(B) UI design
(C) Database tables
(D) Hardware only
Answer: (A) Verify assumptions during execution
Q44. Magic numbers in code refer to:
(A) Hard-coded literal values
(B) Variables only
(C) Database keys
(D) UI screens
Answer: (A) Hard-coded literal values
Q45. Enumerations (enum) are used to:
(A) Define a set of named constants
(B) Store variables
(C) Database only
(D) UI screens only
Answer: (A) Define a set of named constants
Q46. String manipulation is essential for:
(A) Handling textual data
(B) Hardware setup
(C) Database only
(D) UI screens only
Answer: (A) Handling textual data
Q47. Code modularity improves:
(A) Maintainability and reuse
(B) Hardware efficiency
(C) UI only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Maintainability and reuse
Q48. Code documentation helps:
(A) Understanding and maintaining code
(B) Hardware installation
(C) UI only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Understanding and maintaining code
Q49. Software libraries provide:
(A) Prewritten code for reuse
(B) Hardware drivers only
(C) UI screens
(D) Database tables only
Answer: (A) Prewritten code for reuse
Q50. APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) allow:
(A) Interaction between software components
(B) UI screens only
(C) Hardware only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Interaction between software componentsQ51. Debugging tools help in:
(A) Detecting and fixing errors in code
(B) Hardware installation
(C) Database design only
(D) UI layout only
Answer: (A) Detecting and fixing errors in code
Q52. Breakpoints in debugging are used to:
(A) Pause program execution at specific lines
(B) Skip code
(C) Install hardware
(D) UI layout
Answer: (A) Pause program execution at specific lines
Q53. Step-over in debugging means:
(A) Execute a function without entering it
(B) Enter function execution
(C) Skip program
(D) UI only
Answer: (A) Execute a function without entering it
Q54. Step-into in debugging means:
(A) Enter function execution to debug line by line
(B) Skip function execution
(C) Hardware only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Enter function execution to debug line by line
Q55. Step-out in debugging is used to:
(A) Finish executing current function and return to caller
(B) Pause execution
(C) Skip code only
(D) UI screens
Answer: (A) Finish executing current function and return to caller
Q56. Logging in software helps to:
(A) Track program execution and errors
(B) Hardware setup
(C) Database only
(D) UI screens only
Answer: (A) Track program execution and errors
Q57. Code profiling helps in:
(A) Measuring performance of code
(B) Writing code only
(C) Database design
(D) UI layout
Answer: (A) Measuring performance of code
Q58. Memory leaks occur when:
(A) Memory is allocated but not released
(B) Hardware fails
(C) Database crashes
(D) UI errors
Answer: (A) Memory is allocated but not released
Q59. Garbage collection is:
(A) Automatic memory management
(B) Manual coding only
(C) Hardware setup
(D) UI layout
Answer: (A) Automatic memory management
Q60. Threading in software construction is used to:
(A) Execute multiple tasks concurrently
(B) Sequential execution only
(C) Database only
(D) UI only
Answer: (A) Execute multiple tasks concurrently
Q61. Synchronization in multi-threading ensures:
(A) Correct access to shared resources
(B) Hardware setup only
(C) Database only
(D) UI screens only
Answer: (A) Correct access to shared resources
Q62. Deadlock occurs when:
(A) Two or more threads wait indefinitely for resources
(B) Hardware fails
(C) Database crashes
(D) UI errors only
Answer: (A) Two or more threads wait indefinitely for resources
Q63. Concurrency issues can be solved using:
(A) Locks, semaphores, and monitors
(B) UI redesign
(C) Database only
(D) Hardware setup
Answer: (A) Locks, semaphores, and monitors
Q64. Code maintainability is improved by:
(A) Modularity, readability, and proper documentation
(B) Hardware setup only
(C) UI design only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Modularity, readability, and proper documentation
Q65. Exception handling improves:
(A) Program reliability and robustness
(B) Hardware efficiency
(C) UI layout only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Program reliability and robustness
Q66. Try-Catch-Finally blocks are used to:
(A) Handle exceptions and cleanup resources
(B) Write loops
(C) Database only
(D) UI only
Answer: (A) Handle exceptions and cleanup resources
Q67. Defensive coding practices include:
(A) Checking for null values and input validation
(B) UI colors only
(C) Hardware setup
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Checking for null values and input validation
Q68. Magic numbers should be replaced by:
(A) Named constants
(B) Variables only
(C) Database tables
(D) UI layout
Answer: (A) Named constants
Q69. Code reuse is achieved through:
(A) Functions, classes, libraries, and modules
(B) Hardware only
(C) UI design only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Functions, classes, libraries, and modules
Q70. Refactoring helps to:
(A) Improve code structure without changing functionality
(B) Install hardware
(C) UI redesign only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Improve code structure without changing functionality
Q71. Test-driven development (TDD) means:
(A) Writing tests before code implementation
(B) Writing code first
(C) Database setup
(D) UI only
Answer: (A) Writing tests before code implementation
Q72. Unit tests focus on:
(A) Individual functions or methods
(B) Full system
(C) Database only
(D) UI only
Answer: (A) Individual functions or methods
Q73. Integration tests focus on:
(A) Interaction between modules
(B) Single module only
(C) UI layout only
(D) Hardware only
Answer: (A) Interaction between modules
Q74. Regression testing ensures:
(A) New changes do not break existing functionality
(B) Hardware installation
(C) UI redesign only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) New changes do not break existing functionality
Q75. Continuous integration helps in:
(A) Automating build and testing process
(B) Writing code manually only
(C) Database only
(D) UI layout
Answer: (A) Automating build and testing process
Q76. Continuous deployment ensures:
(A) Frequent software release to production
(B) Hardware setup only
(C) Database only
(D) UI redesign
Answer: (A) Frequent software release to production
Q77. Coding productivity can be improved using:
(A) IDEs, code templates, and libraries
(B) Hardware only
(C) Database only
(D) UI screens
Answer: (A) IDEs, code templates, and libraries
Q78. Static code analysis helps in:
(A) Detecting defects without executing code
(B) Running program only
(C) UI layout only
(D) Hardware only
Answer: (A) Detecting defects without executing code
Q79. Dynamic code analysis is performed by:
(A) Executing the program
(B) Reading code only
(C) UI layout only
(D) Hardware only
Answer: (A) Executing the program
Q80. Code metrics measure:
(A) Quality, complexity, and maintainability
(B) Hardware only
(C) UI only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Quality, complexity, and maintainability
Q81. Cyclomatic complexity measures:
(A) Number of independent paths in code
(B) UI layout only
(C) Database only
(D) Hardware setup only
Answer: (A) Number of independent paths in code
Q82. Comments should be:
(A) Clear and concise
(B) Excessive only
(C) Avoided completely
(D) UI layout only
Answer: (A) Clear and concise
Q83. Logging levels include:
(A) Info, Warning, Error, Debug
(B) UI only
(C) Database only
(D) Hardware only
Answer: (A) Info, Warning, Error, Debug
Q84. Exception messages should be:
(A) Informative and precise
(B) Random
(C) Hardware only
(D) UI layout only
Answer: (A) Informative and precise
Q85. Code modularity is achieved using:
(A) Classes, functions, and packages
(B) UI screens only
(C) Database tables only
(D) Hardware setup
Answer: (A) Classes, functions, and packages
Q86. Circular dependencies should be:
(A) Avoided
(B) Encouraged
(C) Ignored
(D) Hardware only
Answer: (A) Avoided
Q87. Immutable objects are:
(A) Cannot be changed after creation
(B) Variables that change
(C) Database only
(D) UI only
Answer: (A) Cannot be changed after creation
Q88. Mutable objects are:
(A) Can be modified after creation
(B) Constant only
(C) Database only
(D) UI only
Answer: (A) Can be modified after creation
Q89. Defensive programming ensures:
(A) Code handles unexpected input gracefully
(B) Hardware only
(C) UI only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Code handles unexpected input gracefully
Q90. Assertions are used to:
(A) Validate assumptions during code execution
(B) UI screens only
(C) Database only
(D) Hardware only
Answer: (A) Validate assumptions during code execution
Q91. Magic strings in code should be:
(A) Replaced by constants
(B) Hard-coded
(C) UI only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Replaced by constants
Q92. Code readability is improved with:
(A) Proper indentation, spacing, and naming
(B) Hardware only
(C) Database only
(D) UI screens only
Answer: (A) Proper indentation, spacing, and naming
Q93. Code maintainability increases with:
(A) Modularity, comments, and consistent style
(B) Hardware only
(C) Database only
(D) UI only
Answer: (A) Modularity, comments, and consistent style
Q94. Code efficiency refers to:
(A) Optimal use of resources and performance
(B) UI layout only
(C) Database only
(D) Hardware only
Answer: (A) Optimal use of resources and performance
Q95. Exception hierarchy in OOP ensures:
(A) Organized and manageable error handling
(B) Hardware only
(C) Database only
(D) UI screens only
Answer: (A) Organized and manageable error handling
Q96. Code traceability links:
(A) Requirements to code modules
(B) UI only
(C) Database only
(D) Hardware only
Answer: (A) Requirements to code modules
Q97. Automated testing frameworks include:
(A) JUnit, NUnit, Selenium
(B) Photoshop, Illustrator
(C) Git, SVN
(D) Windows, Linux
Answer: (A) JUnit, NUnit, Selenium
Q98. Continuous integration servers include:
(A) Jenkins, Travis CI, CircleCI
(B) MySQL, Oracle
(C) Photoshop, CorelDRAW
(D) Windows, Linux
Answer: (A) Jenkins, Travis CI, CircleCI
Q99. Code security practices include:
(A) Input validation and avoiding SQL injection
(B) UI only
(C) Hardware only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Input validation and avoiding SQL injection
Q100. The ultimate goal of software construction is:
(A) Produce high-quality, efficient, and maintainable software
(B) Install hardware only
(C) UI design only
(D) Database only
Answer: (A) Produce high-quality, efficient, and maintainable software