Relevancy and admissibility — MCQs

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1. “Evidence” in a criminal trial primarily refers to:
(A) The facts in dispute
(B) The medium through which the court is convinced of the truth of a matter
(C) The personal opinion of the judge
(D) Legal provisions only

2. Which of the following is not included as evidence under the law?
(A) Oral testimony of witnesses
(B) Documentary proof
(C) Material objects
(D) Judicial opinions without proof

3. The kinds of evidence under the BSA, 2023 include:
(A) Electronic records only
(B) Oral only
(C) Documentary only
(D) Oral, Documentary, Electronic, Tangible objects

4. Which is an example of tangible evidence?
(A) Witness testimony
(B) Confession by accused
(C) Emails
(D) Weapons like swords, pistols, explosives

5. Direct evidence refers to:
(A) Evidence that indirectly proves a fact
(B) Hearsay evidence
(C) Evidence based on assumptions
(D) Evidence that directly proves a fact without inference

6. Which of the following is a circumstantial evidence?
(A) Witness saw the accused commit a crime
(B) Signed contract
(C) Oral confession by the accused
(D) Fingerprints on a murder weapon

7. Independent witnesses are those:
(A) Who have personal interest in the case
(B) Who are related to the accused
(C) Whose testimony is unbiased and not influenced by parties
(D) Who are experts only

8. Which is an interested witness?
(A) Investigating officer
(B) Chance witness
(C) Friend or relative of the accused
(D) Expert witness

9. Hostile witness means:
(A) Witness favorable to prosecution
(B) Expert witness
(C) Witness who turns against the party calling them
(D) Child witness

10. Sterling witness refers to:
(A) Witness whose testimony is wholly reliable
(B) Witness who is hostile
(C) Interested witness
(D) Police witness

11. Hearsay evidence is:
(A) Evidence of personal knowledge
(B) Documentary evidence
(C) Statement made outside the court not from personal knowledge
(D) Expert evidence

12. The word “relevant” under BSA, 2023 means:
(A) Fact connected with another fact in ways recognized by the law
(B) Any fact presented in court
(C) Fact which favors the accused
(D) Fact presented by the prosecution only

13. Admissibility of evidence means:
(A) Oral testimony of witnesses only
(B) Evidence favorable to prosecution only
(C) Evidence which is relevant and can be legally produced before the court
(D) Evidence admitted outside the court

14. Burden of proof under Section 101 of Evidence Act becomes immaterial when:
(A) Only one party presents evidence
(B) Court chooses to ignore it
(C) Both parties have led their entire evidence
(D) Only documentary evidence is presented

15. Legal burden of proof:
(A) Shifts according to evidence
(B) Arises from pleadings and never shifts
(C) Always on the accused
(D) Always on the victim

16. Evidential burden of proof:
(A) Shifts during trial according to evidence
(B) Never shifts
(C) Always on prosecution
(D) Always on judiciary

17. Once a document is admitted in evidence:
(A) Its contents are automatically considered proven
(B) Oral evidence on it is compulsory
(C) It cannot be questioned in any way
(D) Contents stand admitted but not necessarily conclusive

18. Contents of document cannot be proved by oral evidence except:
(A) When oral evidence is irrelevant
(B) When the document is public
(C) When allowed by law under specific provisions like Sections 54/59 of BSA, 2023
(D) Never

19. Mere exhibition of a document:
(A) Does not dispense with its proof
(B) Proves the document conclusively
(C) Makes it inadmissible
(D) Converts it into oral evidence

20. Abnormal conduct of accused post-offence is:
(A) Always irrelevant
(B) Relevant as circumstantial evidence if it indicates guilt
(C) Conclusive proof of guilt
(D) Only relevant for sentencing

21. Absconding by accused:
(A) Automatically proves guilt
(B) Irrelevant
(C) Relevant but not conclusive
(D) Evidence of innocence

22. Voluntary drunkenness affects intention:
(A) Intention is always negated
(B) Knowledge is presumed as if sober
(C) Always removes liability
(D) Intention is irrelevant

23. Section 106 BSA, 2023 (earlier Section 109 Evidence Act) burden:
(A) Shifts to inmate if he was absent at crime scene
(B) Not cast on person absent at relevant time
(C) Always on accused
(D) Always on prosecution

24. Fact learnt from another person (hearsay):
(A) Not admissible under Section 32 Evidence Act
(B) Always admissible
(C) Admissible if spouse
(D) Admissible if written

25. Objection to admissibility of a document can be raised:
(A) At any stage for document itself
(B) Only against mode of proof before marking as exhibit
(C) After marking as exhibit for mode of proof
(D) Both B and C

26. Certified copy of sale deed:
(A) Not admissible unless explanation given for non-availability of original
(B) Is public document and always admissible
(C) Cannot be admitted under any circumstances
(D) Requires witness testimony only

27. Unregistered will of agricultural land in UP:
(A) Admissible under all circumstances
(B) Not admissible after 23.08.2004 except by registered deed
(C) Admissible only if oral evidence supports it
(D) Admissible in all courts outside UP

28. Purpose of Sections 63 & 65 BSA, 2023 regarding documents:
(A) Any document marked as exhibit is automatically proved
(B) Original documents are irrelevant
(C) Factual foundation must be laid for secondary evidence if original is not available
(D) Oral evidence can replace any document

29. Mere exhibition of document cannot dispense with its proof – correct explanation:
(A) Only relevant in civil cases
(B) Proof not required if document is certified
(C) Means document cannot be read in court
(D) Applies to both civil and criminal cases; admissibility ≠ proof