Relational Calculus MCQs

Q#1: Relational calculus is a:
(A) Procedural query language
(B) Non-procedural query language
(C) Programming language
(D) Data model
Answer: (B) Non-procedural query language

Q#2: Relational calculus is based on:
(A) Set theory
(B) Predicate logic
(C) Graph theory
(D) Tree structure
Answer: (B) Predicate logic

Q#3: There are how many types of relational calculus?
(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Three
(D) Four
Answer: (B) Two

Q#4: The two types of relational calculus are:
(A) TRC and DRC
(B) DDL and DML
(C) ER and EER
(D) SQL and PL/SQL
Answer: (A) TRC and DRC

Q#5: TRC stands for:
(A) Table Relational Calculus
(B) Tuple Relational Calculus
(C) Tree Relational Calculus
(D) Total Relational Calculus
Answer: (B) Tuple Relational Calculus

Q#6: DRC stands for:
(A) Data Relational Calculus
(B) Domain Relational Calculus
(C) Database Relational Calculus
(D) Derived Relational Calculus
Answer: (B) Domain Relational Calculus

Q#7: Tuple relational calculus is based on:
(A) Attributes
(B) Domains
(C) Tuples
(D) Keys
Answer: (C) Tuples

Q#8: Domain relational calculus is based on:
(A) Tables
(B) Domains
(C) Tuples
(D) Relations
Answer: (B) Domains

Q#9: In TRC, variables represent:
(A) Attributes
(B) Tuples
(C) Domains
(D) Tables
Answer: (B) Tuples

Q#10: In DRC, variables represent:
(A) Tuples
(B) Domains
(C) Tables
(D) Keys
Answer: (B) Domains

Q#11: Relational calculus specifies:
(A) How to retrieve data
(B) What data to retrieve
(C) Where data is stored
(D) When data is stored
Answer: (B) What data to retrieve

Q#12: Which symbol represents “there exists”?
(A) ∀
(B) ∃
(C) ∈
(D) ⊆
Answer: (B) ∃

Q#13: Which symbol represents “for all”?
(A) ∀
(B) ∃
(C) ∈
(D) −
Answer: (A) ∀

Q#14: Safe expressions in relational calculus ensure:
(A) Infinite results
(B) Finite results
(C) Duplicate tuples
(D) Null values
Answer: (B) Finite results

Q#15: An unsafe expression may produce:
(A) Finite results
(B) Infinite results
(C) Unique results
(D) No results
Answer: (B) Infinite results

Q#16: Relational calculus is equivalent in power to:
(A) ER model
(B) Relational algebra
(C) Hierarchical model
(D) Network model
Answer: (B) Relational algebra

Q#17: Which of the following is an example of a non-procedural query language?
(A) SQL
(B) C
(C) Java
(D) Assembly
Answer: (A) SQL

Q#18: In TRC, a query is written in the form:
(A) { t | P(t) }
(B) { x | P(x) }
(C) SELECT * FROM
(D) π(R)
Answer: (A) { t | P(t) }

Q#19: In DRC, a query is written in the form:
(A) { t | P(t) }
(B) { | P(x1, x2, … xn) }
(C) σ(R)
(D) R × S
Answer: (B) { | P(x1, x2, … xn) }

Q#20: The expression P(t) in TRC represents:
(A) Predicate condition
(B) Projection
(C) Join
(D) Union
Answer: (A) Predicate condition

Q#21: Logical operators used in relational calculus include:
(A) AND, OR, NOT
(B) SELECT, WHERE
(C) CREATE, DROP
(D) INSERT, DELETE
Answer: (A) AND, OR, NOT

Q#22: Comparison operators include:
(A) +, −
(B) >, <, = (C) UNION (D) JOIN Answer: (B) >, <, =

Q#23: The main advantage of relational calculus is:
(A) Simplicity
(B) Detailed procedure control
(C) Hardware management
(D) Network control
Answer: (A) Simplicity

Q#24: Which calculus uses tuple variables?
(A) DRC
(B) TRC
(C) SQL
(D) DDL
Answer: (B) TRC

Q#25: Which calculus uses domain variables?
(A) TRC
(B) SQL
(C) DRC
(D) ER
Answer: (C) DRC

Q#26: Relational calculus queries define:
(A) Step-by-step procedure
(B) Result conditions
(C) Data storage format
(D) Physical structure
Answer: (B) Result conditions

Q#27: A formula in relational calculus consists of:
(A) Tables only
(B) Predicates and logical operators
(C) Hardware components
(D) Files only
Answer: (B) Predicates and logical operators

Q#28: The output of relational calculus is:
(A) Scalar value
(B) Relation
(C) Boolean only
(D) Integer
Answer: (B) Relation

Q#29: Which of the following is true about relational calculus?
(A) It is procedural
(B) It describes algorithm steps
(C) It focuses on what to retrieve
(D) It modifies database structure
Answer: (C) It focuses on what to retrieve

Q#30: Relational calculus forms the theoretical basis of:
(A) SQL
(B) ER diagrams
(C) Hierarchical model
(D) File systems
Answer: (A) SQL