Q#1: Planning in the real world deals with:
(A) Uncertainty, partial observability, and dynamics
(B) Fully deterministic problems only
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Uncertainty, partial observability, and dynamics
Q#2: Real-world acting requires:
(A) Executing plans while handling unexpected events
(B) Only pre-defined sequences of actions
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Executing plans while handling unexpected events
Q#3: Partial observability occurs when:
(A) The agent cannot see the complete state of the environment
(B) Full state is known
(C) BFS only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) The agent cannot see the complete state of the environment
Q#4: Sensors provide:
(A) Observations of the environment
(B) Direct access to all states
(C) BFS only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Observations of the environment
Q#5: Acting under uncertainty often uses:
(A) Belief states
(B) Deterministic states
(C) BFS only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Belief states
Q#6: Belief states represent:
(A) Set of possible world states consistent with observations
(B) Single state only
(C) BFS nodes
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Set of possible world states consistent with observations
Q#7: Contingent planning uses:
(A) Conditional branches based on observations
(B) Deterministic planning only
(C) BFS nodes
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Conditional branches based on observations
Q#8: Probabilistic planning uses:
(A) Actions with stochastic outcomes
(B) Fully deterministic actions
(C) BFS nodes
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Actions with stochastic outcomes
Q#9: Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) are used for:
(A) Planning under uncertainty
(B) Classical deterministic planning
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Planning under uncertainty
Q#10: MDPs include:
(A) States, actions, transition probabilities, and rewards
(B) BFS only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) States, actions, transition probabilities, and rewards
Q#11: Policies in real-world planning map:
(A) States (or belief states) to actions
(B) Actions only
(C) BFS nodes
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) States (or belief states) to actions
Q#12: Value function in MDPs represents:
(A) Expected utility of states under a policy
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) Expected utility of states under a policy
Q#13: Real-world acting requires:
(A) Monitoring and updating beliefs after each action
(B) Ignoring observations
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Monitoring and updating beliefs after each action
Q#14: Acting optimally under uncertainty may use:
(A) Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs)
(B) Classical deterministic planning
(C) BFS only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs)
Q#15: POMDPs combine:
(A) Uncertainty in states and stochastic actions
(B) Fully observable deterministic states
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Uncertainty in states and stochastic actions
Q#16: Observations in POMDPs help:
(A) Update belief states
(B) Fully determine state
(C) BFS only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Update belief states
Q#17: Real-world plans must handle:
(A) Execution failures and unexpected events
(B) Only pre-defined sequences
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Execution failures and unexpected events
Q#18: Robust planning aims to:
(A) Generate plans that succeed despite uncertainties
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) Generate plans that succeed despite uncertainties
Q#19: Monitoring during execution involves:
(A) Checking progress and detecting deviations from plan
(B) Ignoring environment changes
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Checking progress and detecting deviations from plan
Q#20: Replanning is triggered when:
(A) Unexpected events or failures occur
(B) Plan executes perfectly
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Unexpected events or failures occur
Q#21: Reactive planning involves:
(A) Responding to changes immediately without full replanning
(B) Following fixed sequence only
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Responding to changes immediately without full replanning
Q#22: Hierarchical planning in real-world tasks:
(A) Decomposes high-level goals into subtasks
(B) BFS only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) Decomposes high-level goals into subtasks
Q#23: Temporal constraints in real-world planning:
(A) Include deadlines and durations of actions
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random values
Answer: (A) Include deadlines and durations of actions
Q#24: Resource constraints require:
(A) Managing limited availability of resources during planning
(B) BFS only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) Managing limited availability of resources during planning
Q#25: Real-world planning often combines:
(A) Classical planning with sensing and execution monitoring
(B) BFS only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random values
Answer: (A) Classical planning with sensing and execution monitoring
Q#26: Knowledge representation in real-world planning helps:
(A) Reason about actions, effects, observations, and constraints
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) Reason about actions, effects, observations, and constraints
Q#27: Contingent plans include:
(A) Branches based on observations
(B) Fixed sequences only
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Branches based on observations
Q#28: Real-world acting must consider:
(A) Sensor noise and actuation uncertainty
(B) Perfect environment only
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Sensor noise and actuation uncertainty
Q#29: Real-time planning requires:
(A) Fast decision-making under limited computation time
(B) Offline plan only
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Fast decision-making under limited computation time
Q#30: Policy execution is preferred in real-world acting because:
(A) It provides precomputed actions for all states
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) It provides precomputed actions for all states
Q#31: Decision-theoretic planning uses:
(A) Probabilities and utilities to choose best actions
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) Probabilities and utilities to choose best actions
Q#32: POMDP solutions specify:
(A) Action for each belief state
(B) Action for each observed state only
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Action for each belief state
Q#33: Rollout or online planning is used when:
(A) Full offline solution is too costly
(B) BFS only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) Full offline solution is too costly
Q#34: Real-world planning may require:
(A) Integrating sensing, acting, and reasoning
(B) Classical planning only
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Integrating sensing, acting, and reasoning
Q#35: Plan execution monitoring ensures:
(A) The plan is still valid and goals can be achieved
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) The plan is still valid and goals can be achieved
Q#36: Acting in the real world is complicated by:
(A) Partial observability, stochastic actions, and resource limits
(B) Deterministic environment only
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Partial observability, stochastic actions, and resource limits
Q#37: Contingency handling allows:
(A) Alternate actions when unexpected situations arise
(B) Fixed sequences only
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Alternate actions when unexpected situations arise
Q#38: Belief update is performed using:
(A) Observations and transition models
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random values
Answer: (A) Observations and transition models
Q#39: Real-world planning often uses:
(A) Hybrid approaches combining symbolic planning and probabilistic reasoning
(B) Classical planning only
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Hybrid approaches combining symbolic planning and probabilistic reasoning
Q#40: Execution failures may require:
(A) Replanning or plan repair
(B) Ignoring failures
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Replanning or plan repair
Q#41: Plan repair involves:
(A) Modifying existing plan to handle new conditions
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) Modifying existing plan to handle new conditions
Q#42: Online planning is:
(A) Planning while executing
(B) Offline precomputed planning only
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Planning while executing
Q#43: Execution monitoring requires:
(A) Detecting deviations from expected outcomes
(B) Ignoring environment changes
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Detecting deviations from expected outcomes
Q#44: Robustness in planning ensures:
(A) Plan succeeds despite uncertainties
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) Plan succeeds despite uncertainties
Q#45: Planning with resources considers:
(A) Limited availability of consumable or reusable resources
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) Limited availability of consumable or reusable resources
Q#46: Temporal planning handles:
(A) Action durations and deadlines
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) Action durations and deadlines
Q#47: Execution policies are used when:
(A) Full plan cannot be precomputed
(B) Offline plan exists
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Full plan cannot be precomputed
Q#48: Partially observable domains require:
(A) Maintaining and updating beliefs
(B) Full knowledge only
(C) BFS nodes only
(D) DFS only
Answer: (A) Maintaining and updating beliefs
Q#49: Sensing actions help:
(A) Reduce uncertainty about current state
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) Reduce uncertainty about current state
Q#50: The main goal of planning and acting in the real world is:
(A) Generate and execute plans that succeed despite uncertainty and partial observability
(B) BFS nodes only
(C) DFS only
(D) Random assignments
Answer: (A) Generate and execute plans that succeed despite uncertainty and partial observability