MCQs on Ottoman Empire – Rise and Fall 50 Score: 0 Attempted: 0/50 Subscribe 1. : Who was the founder of the Ottoman Empire? (A) Mehmed II (B) Osman I (C) Selim I (D) Suleiman the Magnificent 2. : In which year was the Ottoman Empire officially founded? (A) 1299 (B) 1301 (C) 1258 (D) 1453 3. : What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire after 1453? (A) Bursa (B) Konya (C) Constantinople (D) Edirne 4. : Who conquered Constantinople in 1453? (A) Selim I (B) Bayezid I (C) Suleiman I (D) Mehmed II 5. : What was Constantinople renamed after the Ottoman conquest? (A) Byzantium (B) Istanbul (C) Ankara (D) Bursa 6. : What was the title of the Ottoman ruler? (A) Emperor (B) Shah (C) Sultan (D) King 7. : Which Ottoman Sultan was known as “The Lawgiver”? (A) Selim I (B) Mehmed II (C) Suleiman I (D) Murad IV 8. : Under whose reign did the Ottoman Empire reach its greatest territorial extent? (A) Mehmed II (B) Bayezid II (C) Selim I (D) Suleiman the Magnificent 9. : What was the elite military unit of the Ottoman Empire called? (A) Mamluks (B) Janissaries (C) Sipahi (D) Ghazis 10. : What system did the Ottomans use to recruit Christian boys for state service? (A) Devshirme (B) Timar (C) Iqta (D) Fiqh 11. : Which sea did the Ottoman Empire control during its height? (A) Red Sea (B) Mediterranean Sea (C) Black Sea (D) All of the above 12. : What major Christian city did the Ottomans fail to conquer? (A) Rome (B) Vienna (C) Athens (D) Belgrade 13. : In which year did the Ottomans first lay siege to Vienna? (A) 1453 (B) 1529 (C) 1571 (D) 1683 14. : Which battle in 1571 was a major naval defeat for the Ottomans? (A) Battle of Manzikert (B) Battle of Mohács (C) Battle of Lepanto (D) Battle of Kosovo 15. : Who was the first Ottoman Sultan to declare himself Caliph? (A) Mehmed II (B) Selim I (C) Suleiman I (D) Ahmed I 16. : Which empire did the Ottomans defeat to capture the Caliphate? (A) Abbasid (B) Fatimid (C) Mamluk (D) Safavid 17. : Which religious group dominated the Ottoman administration? (A) Sunni Muslims (B) Shi’a Muslims (C) Christians (D) Jews 18. : What was the official language of the Ottoman court? (A) Arabic (B) Persian (C) Ottoman Turkish (D) Greek 19. : The Ottoman Empire was often in conflict with which European power in the Mediterranean? (A) France (B) England (C) Spain (D) Portugal 20. : Which dynasty ruled Persia and was a major rival of the Ottomans? (A) Mamluk (B) Abbasid (C) Safavid (D) Fatimid 21. : What architectural structure symbolizes Ottoman Istanbul? (A) Alhambra (B) Blue Mosque (C) Dome of the Rock (D) Hagia Sophia 22. : Who designed many iconic buildings in the Ottoman Empire? (A) Mimar Sinan (B) Ibn Khaldun (C) Al-Zahrawi (D) Tughra Ali 23. : The Millet system allowed: (A) Religious minorities to practice freely (B) Forced conversion (C) Slavery of non-Muslims (D) Exile of Christians 24. : What was the main cause of Ottoman decline in the 17th century? (A) Military defeats (B) Internal corruption (C) Economic decline (D) All of the above 25. : The second siege of Vienna took place in which year? (A) 1529 (B) 1620 (C) 1683 (D) 1701 26. : Who led the Christian forces during the Battle of Vienna in 1683? (A) Charles V (B) John III Sobieski (C) Ferdinand II (D) Louis XIV 27. : What was the Tanzimat period in the Ottoman Empire? (A) War (B) Rebellion (C) Reform movement (D) Colonization 28. : In which century did the Tanzimat reforms begin? (A) 16th century (B) 17th century (C) 18th century (D) 19th century 29. : Which sultan was deposed during the Young Turk Revolution? (A) Abdul Hamid I (B) Mahmud II (C) Abdul Hamid II (D) Selim III 30. : The Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of: (A) Allies (B) Axis (C) Central Powers (D) Neutral 31. : Who led the Turkish War of Independence? (A) Enver Pasha (B) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (C) Sultan Mehmed VI (D) Ismet Inönü 32. : What year did the Ottoman Empire officially end? (A) 1918 (B) 1922 (C) 1924 (D) 1930 33. : What replaced the Ottoman Empire in 1923? (A) Islamic Caliphate (B) Arab League (C) Turkish Republic (D) League of Nations 34. : Who was the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire? (A) Abdul Hamid II (B) Mehmed VI (C) Murad V (D) Ahmed III 35. : Which treaty officially dissolved the Ottoman Empire? (A) Treaty of Versailles (B) Treaty of Sevres (C) Treaty of Lausanne (D) Treaty of Paris 36. : What happened to the Caliphate after the fall of the Ottoman Empire? (A) Continued in Egypt (B) Moved to Mecca (C) Abolished by Atatürk (D) Taken over by Iran 37. : The Ottoman Empire was part of which broader Islamic caliphate lineage? (A) Rashidun (B) Umayyad (C) Abbasid (D) None – it was its own 38. : Which of these was NOT part of the Ottoman Empire? (A) Syria (B) Egypt (C) Italy (D) Iraq 39. : Which Ottoman sultan was known for conquering the holy cities of Mecca and Medina? (A) Selim I (B) Suleiman I (C) Bayezid I (D) Ahmed I 40. : The Ottoman Empire lasted for how many years? (A) 300 (B) 500 (C) 600 (D) 700 41. : What religion was dominant in the Ottoman Empire? (A) Christianity (B) Judaism (C) Islam (D) Zoroastrianism 42. : The Ottomans controlled the pilgrimage route to: (A) Jerusalem (B) Medina (C) Mecca (D) Both (B) and (C) 43. : What was the Harem in the Ottoman palace? (A) Military barracks (B) Judicial court (C) Royal women’s quarters (D) Kitchen 44. : Which battle marked a turning point and decline of Ottoman naval power? (A) Battle of Vienna (B) Battle of Mohács (C) Battle of Lepanto (D) Battle of Chaldiran 45. : Who were the “Young Turks”? (A) Ottoman royal guards (B) Reformist movement (C) Anti-Muslim group (D) European invaders 46. : What was the Ottoman system of land grants called? (A) Iqta (B) Feudal (C) Timar (D) Vakf 47. : What was a major reason for Ottoman economic problems in later centuries? (A) Gold shortage (B) Shift of trade routes (C) Overpopulation (D) Earthquakes 48. : The famous Topkapi Palace is located in: (A) Bursa (B) Cairo (C) Istanbul (D) Ankara 49. : What was the Ottoman policy toward religious minorities? (A) Tolerant under Millet system (B) Forced conversion (C) Execution (D) Total exclusion 50. : What title did the Ottoman ruler assume after capturing Mecca and Medina? (A) Emir (B) Padishah (C) Caliph of Islam (D) Qadi