MCQs on Islamic Contributions in Mathematics, Astronomy, and Philosophy 50 Score: 0 Attempted: 0/50 Subscribe 1. : Who is known as the father of algebra in the Islamic world? (A) Ibn Sina (B) Al-Kindi (C) Al-Khwarizmi (D) Al-Farabi 2. : Which Muslim scholar introduced the concept of algorithm? (A) Al-Farabi (B) Al-Biruni (C) Al-Khwarizmi (D) Ibn Rushd 3. : Who translated and preserved Greek philosophical works into Arabic? (A) Al-Razi (B) Al-Farabi (C) Al-Biruni (D) Ibn Sina 4. : The term “algebra” is derived from the title of which book? (A) Kitab al-Manazir (B) Al-Qanun (C) Al-Jabr wal-Muqabala (D) Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 5. : Who was the leading Muslim philosopher often called the “Second Teacher”? (A) Al-Farabi (B) Ibn Rushd (C) Al-Kindi (D) Ibn Sina 6. : Al-Biruni made important contributions to which two sciences? (A) Surgery and Chemistry (B) Mathematics and Astronomy (C) Medicine and Optics (D) Botany and Geography 7. : Who wrote commentaries on Aristotle’s works and defended rationalism in Islam? (A) Al-Ghazali (B) Ibn Sina (C) Al-Khwarizmi (D) Ibn Rushd 8. : Al-Kindi is often regarded as the first: (A) Muslim astronomer (B) Muslim philosopher (C) Muslim chemist (D) Muslim poet 9. : The concept of zero was developed and introduced to Europe by: (A) Al-Zarqali (B) Al-Biruni (C) Al-Khwarizmi (D) Al-Farabi 10. : Al-Zarqali contributed to the development of which astronomical tool? (A) Sextant (B) Compass (C) Astrolabe (D) Telescope 11. : Which philosopher’s works greatly influenced medieval Europe? (A) Ibn Sina (B) Al-Razi (C) Al-Kindi (D) Ibn Tufail 12. : Which scholar accurately calculated the Earth’s circumference? (A) Ibn al-Haytham (B) Al-Biruni (C) Al-Khwarizmi (D) Ibn Rushd 13. : Al-Kindi made significant contributions in: (A) Mechanics and engineering (B) Philosophy and mathematics (C) Geography and botany (D) Chemistry and medicine 14. : Which philosopher wrote “The Incoherence of the Incoherence”? (A) Al-Ghazali (B) Al-Kindi (C) Ibn Rushd (D) Ibn Tufail 15. : Al-Farabi is well known for his works on: (A) Surgery (B) Music and political philosophy (C) Geography (D) Astronomy 16. : Which Muslim philosopher authored “Hayy ibn Yaqzan”? (A) Ibn Rushd (B) Ibn Tufail (C) Al-Kindi (D) Al-Ghazali 17. : Who developed spherical trigonometry for astronomical purposes? (A) Al-Khwarizmi (B) Al-Zarqali (C) Al-Battani (D) Al-Biruni 18. : The famous observatory in Baghdad was founded during which Islamic dynasty? (A) Umayyad (B) Abbasid (C) Fatimid (D) Mamluk 19. : Al-Battani is known for improving the values of which astronomical constant? (A) Earth’s orbit (B) Solar radius (C) Solar year (D) Lunar phases 20. : The House of Wisdom in Baghdad was established by which Caliph? (A) Harun al-Rashid (B) Al-Walid (C) Al-Mansur (D) Al-Ma’mun 21. : Which Muslim scholar’s astronomical tables were used in Europe for centuries? (A) Al-Farabi (B) Al-Kindi (C) Al-Zarqali (D) Ibn Rushd 22. : Ibn Sina’s philosophy blended Islamic thought with which philosopher’s ideas? (A) Plato (B) Pythagoras (C) Aristotle (D) Socrates 23. : Which instrument was perfected by Muslim astronomers for navigation and astronomy? (A) Compass (B) Sextant (C) Astrolabe (D) Telescope 24. : Al-Khwarizmi’s name is the origin of which modern term? (A) Algorithm (B) Axis (C) Alchemy (D) Analytic 25. : Which philosopher was critical of the use of pure reason in theology? (A) Al-Farabi (B) Ibn Sina (C) Ibn Rushd (D) Al-Ghazali 26. : Who wrote “The Incoherence of the Philosophers”? (A) Ibn Sina (B) Al-Ghazali (C) Al-Kindi (D) Ibn Tufail 27. : The decimal positional number system was developed by: (A) Al-Khwarizmi (B) Al-Farabi (C) Al-Zarqali (D) Ibn Rushd 28. : Al-Kindi contributed to which form of mathematics? (A) Calculus (B) Geometry (C) Cryptography (D) Statistics 29. : Which philosopher’s works were used in Christian scholasticism in Europe? (A) Ibn Sina (B) Ibn Rushd (C) Al-Farabi (D) Al-Kindi 30. : Who is credited with measuring the radius of the Earth accurately using trigonometry? (A) Al-Khwarizmi (B) Al-Biruni (C) Ibn Sina (D) Al-Farabi 31. : Al-Zarqali was also known by what Latin name in Europe? (A) Alhazen (B) Azarquiel (C) Avicenna (D) Averroes 32. : Who introduced sine, cosine, and tangent to trigonometry? (A) Al-Khwarizmi (B) Al-Farabi (C) Al-Battani (D) Ibn Tufail 33. : Which scholar created astronomical tables that were later translated into Latin as “Toledan Tables”? (A) Al-Biruni (B) Al-Zarqali (C) Al-Battani (D) Al-Khwarizmi 34. : The philosophical school that emphasized reason and logic in Islam was: (A) Kalam (B) Ashari (C) Mu’tazila (D) Sufism 35. : Ibn Tufail’s novel “Hayy ibn Yaqzan” influenced which European thinker? (A) René Descartes (B) Thomas Aquinas (C) John Locke (D) Galileo 36. : Who corrected Ptolemy’s astronomical data and models? (A) Ibn Sina (B) Al-Biruni (C) Al-Battani (D) Al-Farabi 37. : Which Muslim thinker emphasized the harmony between reason and revelation? (A) Al-Kindi (B) Al-Ghazali (C) Ibn Rushd (D) Ibn Tufail 38. : Muslim astronomers translated and built upon the work of which Greek astronomer? (A) Hipparchus (B) Archimedes (C) Ptolemy (D) Eratosthenes 39. : Al-Farabi’s political philosophy was inspired by which Greek thinker? (A) Socrates (B) Aristotle (C) Plato (D) Epicurus 40. : Who wrote “Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir” (The Great Book of Music)? (A) Ibn Sina (B) Al-Ghazali (C) Al-Farabi (D) Al-Kindi 41. : Which Muslim scholar devised a mechanical water clock and astronomical instruments? (A) Al-Biruni (B) Al-Khwarizmi (C) Al-Jazari (D) Al-Zarqali 42. : Which Muslim philosopher was also a renowned physician and astronomer? (A) Ibn Sina (B) Al-Farabi (C) Ibn Rushd (D) All of the above 43. : Al-Ghazali is most famous for reconciling: (A) Astronomy and mathematics (B) Science and politics (C) Faith and reason (D) Physics and chemistry 44. : Muslim contributions in astronomy influenced the development of: (A) Newtonian laws (B) Gregorian calendar (C) Magnetic fields (D) Quantum mechanics 45. : Which Muslim scholar criticized Greek metaphysics but supported ethics? (A) Ibn Rushd (B) Al-Farabi (C) Al-Ghazali (D) Al-Kindi 46. : The science of optics was advanced by whom? (A) Ibn al-Haytham (B) Al-Zarqali (C) Al-Biruni (D) Ibn Sina 47. : Ibn Sina’s ideas in metaphysics were based on: (A) Plato (B) Aristotle (C) Descartes (D) Socrates 48. : The translation movement that preserved classical knowledge took place mainly in: (A) Damascus (B) Cairo (C) Baghdad (D) Cordoba 49. : Which Islamic scholar first used coordinates for mapping stars? (A) Al-Biruni (B) Al-Zarqali (C) Al-Sufi (D) Al-Farabi 50. : Muslim philosophical and scientific thought was preserved in: (A) Madrasas (B) Mosques (C) Libraries and observatories (D) Sufi shrines