Islamic History and Major Empires (Umayyad, Abbasid, Ottoman) MCQs

1. Which empire is considered the first major Islamic caliphate?
(A) Abbasid Caliphate
(B) Umayyad Caliphate
(C) Ottoman Empire
(D) Fatimid Caliphate

2. What was the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate?
(A) Baghdad
(B) Damascus
(C) Cairo
(D) Istanbul

3. Which empire is known for the “Golden Age of Islam,” marked by advancements in science, culture, and philosophy?
(A) Umayyad Caliphate
(B) Abbasid Caliphate
(C) Ottoman Empire
(D) Safavid Empire

4. What was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate?
(A) Damascus
(B) Cairo
(C) Baghdad
(D) Cordoba

5. Which empire was founded by Osman I in the late 13th century?
(A) Umayyad Caliphate
(B) Abbasid Caliphate
(C) Ottoman Empire
(D) Mughal Empire

6. What was the significance of the Battle of Tours (732 CE) during the Umayyad Caliphate?
(A) It marked the end of Islamic expansion into Western Europe
(B) It established the Umayyad Caliphate in Spain
(C) It led to the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate
(D) It was a major victory for the Ottoman Empire

7. Which Ottoman Sultan is known for conquering Constantinople in 1453?
(A) Suleiman the Magnificent
(B) Mehmed II
(C) Selim I
(D) Osman I

8. What was the primary language of administration and culture during the Abbasid Caliphate?
(A) Persian
(B) Turkish
(C) Arabic
(D) Greek

9. Which Islamic empire was known for its architectural marvels like the Dome of the Rock and the Great Mosque of Damascus?
(A) Umayyad Caliphate
(B) Abbasid Caliphate
(C) Ottoman Empire
(D) Mughal Empire

10. What was the significance of the Siege of Vienna (1683) in Ottoman history?
(A) It marked the peak of Ottoman expansion into Europe
(B) It led to the fall of the Ottoman Empire
(C) It was a major defeat that halted Ottoman expansion into Europe
(D) It established Ottoman control over the Balkans