Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology MCQs

1. What is the primary goal of genetic engineering?
(A) To create new species
(B) To modify the genetic material of an organism for specific purposes
(C) To eliminate all genetic disorders
(D) To increase the number of chromosomes in an organism

2. Which enzyme is commonly used to cut DNA at specific sequences in genetic engineering?
(A) DNA polymerase
(B) Ligase
(C) Restriction enzyme
(D) Amylase

3. What is the function of CRISPR-Cas9 in biotechnology?
(A) It is used for DNA fingerprinting
(B) It is a genome editing tool that allows precise modification of genes
(C) It helps in protein synthesis
(D) It is used to clone animals

4. Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified (GM) crop?
(A) Wheat
(B) Golden Rice
(C) Oats
(D) Barley

5. Which of the following is a major ethical concern related to genetic engineering?
(A) Increased crop yield
(B) Creation of genetically modified bacteria
(C) Potential risks of gene editing in humans
(D) Use of PCR technology in research

6. What is the purpose of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in biotechnology?
(A) To amplify DNA sequences
(B) To sequence amino acids
(C) To break down proteins
(D) To analyze blood types

7. What is recombinant DNA technology?
(A) A process of synthesizing new proteins in the lab
(B) A technique used to combine DNA from different organisms
(C) A method for sequencing human genomes
(D) A natural process of genetic mutation

8. What is gene therapy used for?
(A) To develop new antibiotics
(B) To treat or prevent genetic disorders by modifying genes
(C) To create synthetic vitamins
(D) To enhance food flavor

9. Which field of biotechnology focuses on using microorganisms to produce useful products like insulin?
(A) Industrial biotechnology
(B) Medical biotechnology
(C) Environmental biotechnology
(D) Agricultural biotechnology

10. What is the main advantage of genetically modified crops?
(A) They require more water and fertilizers
(B) They increase resistance to pests and diseases
(C) They have no impact on food production
(D) They reduce the nutritional value of food