Ethics in Ancient Civilizations (Greek, Roman, Islamic Golden Age)

1. : Which Greek philosopher is often called the “Father of Western Ethics”?
(A) Aristotle
(B) Socrates
(C) Plato
(D) Pythagoras

2. : Aristotle’s concept of virtue ethics emphasized:
(A) Achieving balance through the “Golden Mean”
(B) Obeying laws without question
(C) Wealth as the highest good
(D) Seeking pleasure above all else

3. : In Roman ethics, Cicero stressed the importance of:
(A) Justice and natural law
(B) Economic power
(C) Military strength only
(D) Blind loyalty to rulers

4. : Stoic philosophy in Rome taught that ethics should be based on:
(A) Self-control, virtue, and living according to reason
(B) Wealth and pleasure
(C) Political power alone
(D) Ritual sacrifices

5. : Which philosopher from the Islamic Golden Age wrote extensively on ethics and was influenced by Aristotle?
(A) Al-Farabi
(B) Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
(C) Al-Ghazali
(D) Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

6. : Al-Ghazali emphasized that ethical behavior should be guided by:
(A) Wealth accumulation
(B) Divine law and spiritual purification
(C) Military conquest
(D) Scientific discovery alone

7. : Which city was a major intellectual hub during the Islamic Golden Age, fostering ethics, philosophy, and science?
(A) Athens
(B) Baghdad
(C) Rome
(D) Cairo

8. : In Greek philosophy, Plato’s idea of justice in The Republic emphasized:
(A) Everyone performing their proper role in society
(B) Equality of wealth for all
(C) Obedience to kings without reason
(D) Maximizing individual pleasure

9. : Roman legal ethics contributed to:
(A) The development of modern concepts of justice and rights
(B) Rejection of law and order
(C) Prioritizing wealth over morality
(D) Eliminating all written codes

10. : A key similarity between Greek, Roman, and Islamic Golden Age ethics is:
(A) Emphasis on virtue, justice, and rationality in guiding human conduct
(B) Rejection of philosophy in daily life
(C) Focus only on economic power
(D) Complete denial of moral responsibility