Ethical Theories (Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue Ethics)

1. : Which ethical theory focuses on maximizing overall happiness or utility?
(A) Deontology
(B) Virtue Ethics
(C) Utilitarianism
(D) Relativism

2. : Who is most closely associated with the development of Utilitarianism?
(A) Immanuel Kant
(B) Aristotle
(C) Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill
(D) Socrates

3. : Which ethical theory is based on duties and rules, regardless of consequences?
(A) Utilitarianism
(B) Deontology
(C) Virtue Ethics
(D) Pragmatism

4. : Immanuel Kant is best known for which ethical theory?
(A) Virtue Ethics
(B) Deontology
(C) Utilitarianism
(D) Hedonism

5. : Which ethical theory emphasizes the character and virtues of a moral agent?
(A) Utilitarianism
(B) Virtue Ethics
(C) Deontology
(D) Egoism

6. : Who is the philosopher most associated with Virtue Ethics?
(A) Plato
(B) Aristotle
(C) Kant
(D) Mill

7. : Which of the following is an example of utilitarian thinking?
(A) Always telling the truth, no matter the outcome
(B) Helping the majority even if a few suffer
(C) Acting according to one’s duty only
(D) Building good personal character traits

8. : Which of the following best represents deontological thinking?
(A) “The ends justify the means.”
(B) “Always act according to universal moral rules.”
(C) “Happiness is the only measure of good.”
(D) “Virtues define morality.”

9. : Which ethical theory would ask: “What kind of person should I be?”
(A) Deontology
(B) Virtue Ethics
(C) Utilitarianism
(D) Relativism

10. : Utilitarianism, Deontology, and Virtue Ethics are all:
(A) Types of religious commandments
(B) Major ethical theories guiding moral decision-making
(C) Political systems
(D) Legal frameworks only