Q#1: A distributed database is:
(A) A single database stored across multiple sites connected via a network
(B) A database stored on a single computer
(C) A backup of a database
(D) Only a cloud database
Answer: (A) A single database stored across multiple sites connected via a network
Q#2: Main advantage of distributed databases is:
(A) Improved reliability and performance
(B) Easier encryption
(C) Easier normalization
(D) Backup only
Answer: (A) Improved reliability and performance
Q#3: Transparency in distributed databases includes:
(A) Location, replication, fragmentation, and concurrency transparency
(B) Only encryption
(C) Only backup
(D) Only indexing
Answer: (A) Location, replication, fragmentation, and concurrency transparency
Q#4: Fragmentation in distributed databases refers to:
(A) Dividing a database into smaller pieces
(B) Encrypting data
(C) Backing up data
(D) Normalizing tables
Answer: (A) Dividing a database into smaller pieces
Q#5: Horizontal fragmentation divides:
(A) Table into rows
(B) Table into columns
(C) Database into files
(D) Index into blocks
Answer: (A) Table into rows
Q#6: Vertical fragmentation divides:
(A) Table into columns
(B) Table into rows
(C) Database into disks
(D) Index into nodes
Answer: (A) Table into columns
Q#7: Replication in distributed databases means:
(A) Storing copies of data at multiple sites
(B) Dividing tables into rows
(C) Encrypting data
(D) Backup only
Answer: (A) Storing copies of data at multiple sites
Q#8: Distributed database management system (DDBMS) provides:
(A) A single interface for managing distributed data
(B) Only backup operations
(C) Only encryption
(D) Only indexing
Answer: (A) A single interface for managing distributed data
Q#9: A key challenge in distributed databases is:
(A) Maintaining data consistency
(B) Normalization
(C) Index creation
(D) Backup only
Answer: (A) Maintaining data consistency
Q#10: Two-phase commit protocol ensures:
(A) Atomicity of distributed transactions
(B) Encryption
(C) Backup
(D) Normalization
Answer: (A) Atomicity of distributed transactions
Q#11: Distributed query processing involves:
(A) Executing queries across multiple sites
(B) Only single-site queries
(C) Only backups
(D) Only encryption
Answer: (A) Executing queries across multiple sites
Q#12: Local autonomy in distributed databases means:
(A) Each site can operate independently
(B) All sites are controlled centrally
(C) Only backups are allowed
(D) Only indexes are shared
Answer: (A) Each site can operate independently
Q#13: Heterogeneous distributed databases have:
(A) Different DBMSs at different sites
(B) Same DBMS at all sites
(C) Backup only
(D) Encryption only
Answer: (A) Different DBMSs at different sites
Q#14: Homogeneous distributed databases have:
(A) Same DBMS at all sites
(B) Different DBMSs at each site
(C) Only backup operations
(D) Only encryption
Answer: (A) Same DBMS at all sites
Q#15: Distributed deadlock occurs when:
(A) Transactions at different sites wait indefinitely for resources
(B) Single-site transactions fail
(C) Backup fails
(D) Encryption fails
Answer: (A) Transactions at different sites wait indefinitely for resources
Q#16: Advantages of distributed databases include:
(A) Improved reliability, performance, and local control
(B) Only backup
(C) Only encryption
(D) Only normalization
Answer: (A) Improved reliability, performance, and local control
Q#17: Disadvantages of distributed databases include:
(A) Complexity, higher cost, and network dependency
(B) Only backup issues
(C) Only encryption issues
(D) Only indexing issues
Answer: (A) Complexity, higher cost, and network dependency
Q#18: Global catalog in distributed DBMS contains:
(A) Metadata about data locations and fragments
(B) Actual data only
(C) Only backups
(D) Only indexes
Answer: (A) Metadata about data locations and fragments
Q#19: Query decomposition in distributed databases:
(A) Breaks a query into sub-queries for each site
(B) Normalizes tables
(C) Encrypts query
(D) Performs backup
Answer: (A) Breaks a query into sub-queries for each site
Q#20: Data replication improves:
(A) Availability and fault tolerance
(B) Normalization
(C) Backup only
(D) Encryption only
Answer: (A) Availability and fault tolerance
Q#21: Update propagation in replication can be:
(A) Synchronous or asynchronous
(B) Only synchronous
(C) Only asynchronous
(D) Never required
Answer: (A) Synchronous or asynchronous
Q#22: Transparency in distributed DBMS hides:
(A) Location, fragmentation, and replication details from users
(B) Only backups
(C) Only encryption
(D) Only indexing
Answer: (A) Location, fragmentation, and replication details from users
Q#23: Distributed transaction is:
(A) A transaction that accesses data at multiple sites
(B) Only local transaction
(C) Backup operation
(D) Encryption operation
Answer: (A) A transaction that accesses data at multiple sites
Q#24: Global deadlock detection involves:
(A) Detecting deadlocks across all sites
(B) Single site detection only
(C) Backup failure detection
(D) Encryption failure detection
Answer: (A) Detecting deadlocks across all sites
Q#25: Advantages of horizontal fragmentation include:
(A) Improved parallelism and local query performance
(B) Better indexing only
(C) Backup efficiency only
(D) Encryption only
Answer: (A) Improved parallelism and local query performance
Q#26: Vertical fragmentation requires:
(A) Primary key to reconstruct table
(B) Index only
(C) Backup only
(D) Encryption only
Answer: (A) Primary key to reconstruct table
Q#27: Distributed concurrency control ensures:
(A) Correct concurrent access to distributed data
(B) Only backup consistency
(C) Only encryption consistency
(D) Only indexing consistency
Answer: (A) Correct concurrent access to distributed data
Q#28: Two-phase locking in distributed DBMS:
(A) Ensures serializability of distributed transactions
(B) Normalizes tables
(C) Encrypts data
(D) Only backup operations
Answer: (A) Ensures serializability of distributed transactions
Q#29: Main difference between centralized and distributed DBMS is:
(A) Centralized stores data at one site; distributed stores at multiple sites
(B) Encryption only
(C) Backup only
(D) Indexing only
Answer: (A) Centralized stores data at one site; distributed stores at multiple sites
Q#30: Main goal of distributed databases is:
(A) High availability, reliability, and efficient data access across sites
(B) Only backup
(C) Only encryption
(D) Only normalization
Answer: (A) High availability, reliability, and efficient data access across sites