Q#1: Database architecture describes:
(A) Hardware design only
(B) Structure and organization of DBMS components
(C) Programming languages
(D) Network cables
Answer: (B) Structure and organization of DBMS components
Q#2: The three-schema architecture was proposed by:
(A) IBM
(B) ANSI/SPARC
(C) Oracle
(D) Microsoft
Answer: (B) ANSI/SPARC
Q#3: The three levels of database architecture are:
(A) Internal, External, Physical
(B) External, Conceptual, Internal
(C) Logical, Physical, Virtual
(D) Schema, Instance, View
Answer: (B) External, Conceptual, Internal
Q#4: The external level of architecture is also known as:
(A) Physical Level
(B) Logical Level
(C) View Level
(D) Storage Level
Answer: (C) View Level
Q#5: The conceptual level describes:
(A) Physical storage details
(B) User views
(C) Overall database structure
(D) Network topology
Answer: (C) Overall database structure
Q#6: The internal level describes:
(A) User interface
(B) Data storage details
(C) Data relationships
(D) Application programs
Answer: (B) Data storage details
Q#7: Data independence refers to:
(A) Data security
(B) Data backup
(C) Immunity of applications to changes in data definition
(D) Data encryption
Answer: (C) Immunity of applications to changes in data definition
Q#8: Which type of data independence hides physical storage changes?
(A) Logical Data Independence
(B) Physical Data Independence
(C) External Data Independence
(D) Conceptual Independence
Answer: (B) Physical Data Independence
Q#9: Logical data independence allows changes at:
(A) External level without affecting conceptual level
(B) Conceptual level without affecting external level
(C) Internal level without affecting conceptual level
(D) Physical level only
Answer: (B) Conceptual level without affecting external level
Q#10: In two-tier architecture, the client communicates directly with:
(A) File System
(B) Web Server
(C) Database Server
(D) Application Server
Answer: (C) Database Server
Q#11: In three-tier architecture, the middle layer is:
(A) Client Layer
(B) Application Layer
(C) Storage Layer
(D) Hardware Layer
Answer: (B) Application Layer
Q#12: Which architecture is commonly used for web applications?
(A) One-tier
(B) Two-tier
(C) Three-tier
(D) Zero-tier
Answer: (C) Three-tier
Q#13: In one-tier architecture, the user directly interacts with:
(A) Network
(B) Database
(C) Server
(D) Cloud
Answer: (B) Database
Q#14: The mapping between conceptual and internal schema is called:
(A) External Mapping
(B) Logical Mapping
(C) Internal Mapping
(D) Conceptual Mapping
Answer: (C) Internal Mapping
Q#15: A schema defines:
(A) Data at a particular time
(B) Structure of the database
(C) Hardware configuration
(D) Network protocol
Answer: (B) Structure of the database
Q#16: An instance of a database refers to:
(A) Database design
(B) Structure of tables
(C) Data stored at a specific time
(D) Data model
Answer: (C) Data stored at a specific time
Q#17: The main advantage of three-schema architecture is:
(A) Increased redundancy
(B) Data independence
(C) Less security
(D) More hardware usage
Answer: (B) Data independence
Q#18: Which component processes user queries?
(A) Storage Manager
(B) Query Processor
(C) Data Dictionary
(D) File Manager
Answer: (B) Query Processor
Q#19: The storage manager is responsible for:
(A) Query optimization
(B) Managing stored data
(C) User interface
(D) Application development
Answer: (B) Managing stored data
Q#20: Client-server architecture is mainly used for:
(A) Standalone systems
(B) Distributed systems
(C) Paper records
(D) Manual databases
Answer: (B) Distributed systems
Q#21: In distributed database architecture, data is:
(A) Stored at one location only
(B) Distributed across multiple locations
(C) Stored in a single table
(D) Deleted automatically
Answer: (B) Distributed across multiple locations
Q#22: Which layer interacts with end users?
(A) Internal Layer
(B) Conceptual Layer
(C) External Layer
(D) Storage Layer
Answer: (C) External Layer
Q#23: The data dictionary stores:
(A) Actual data
(B) Metadata
(C) Backup files
(D) Queries
Answer: (B) Metadata
Q#24: Which architecture reduces network traffic?
(A) One-tier
(B) Two-tier
(C) Three-tier
(D) Four-tier
Answer: (C) Three-tier
Q#25: The physical schema is related to:
(A) User views
(B) Logical structure
(C) Storage details
(D) Data manipulation
Answer: (C) Storage details
Q#26: Which of the following is not a DBMS architecture type?
(A) One-tier
(B) Two-tier
(C) Three-tier
(D) Five-tier
Answer: (D) Five-tier
Q#27: In two-tier architecture, business logic resides in:
(A) Client
(B) Server
(C) Both Client and Server
(D) Network
Answer: (C) Both Client and Server
Q#28: The conceptual schema is also called:
(A) Logical Schema
(B) Physical Schema
(C) External Schema
(D) Internal Schema
Answer: (A) Logical Schema
Q#29: Which of the following provides data abstraction?
(A) Three-schema architecture
(B) File system
(C) Compiler
(D) Operating system
Answer: (A) Three-schema architecture
Q#30: The main goal of database architecture is to:
(A) Increase redundancy
(B) Organize and manage data efficiently
(C) Delete data automatically
(D) Replace hardware
Answer: (B) Organize and manage data efficiently