Conservation Biology — MCQs Biology

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1. Conservation biology primarily focuses on:
(A) Genetic engineering of crops
(B) Producing antibiotics
(C) Soil chemistry only
(D) Preserving biodiversity and ecosystem health

2. Biodiversity refers to:
(A) Variety of life at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels
(B) Only plant diversity
(C) Only animal diversity
(D) Number of humans in a region

3. Genetic diversity is:
(A) Number of ecosystems
(B) Variation in genes within a species
(C) Species diversity only
(D) Soil nutrient variation only

4. Species diversity refers to:
(A) Soil microorganisms only
(B) Number of genes only
(C) Number of individuals only
(D) Number of different species in an area

5. Ecosystem diversity refers to:
(A) Genetic variation only
(B) Number of species only
(C) Variety of ecosystems in a region
(D) Number of predators only

6. Endangered species are:
(A) Invasive species only
(B) Abundant species
(C) Keystone species only
(D) At risk of extinction

7. Extinct species are:
(A) Only threatened species
(B) Rarely seen species
(C) No longer existing anywhere
(D) Species in captivity only

8. Threatened species include:
(A) Only captive species
(B) Only abundant species
(C) Only invasive species
(D) Vulnerable, endangered, and critically endangered species

9. Keystone species are:
(A) Only microbes
(B) Species with no ecological role
(C) Only plants
(D) Species that have a large impact on ecosystem structure

10. Indicator species are used to:
(A) Produce antibiotics
(B) Monitor environmental health
(C) Sequence DNA
(D) Ferment alcohol only

11. Flagship species are:
(A) Endangered plants only
(B) Microbes only
(C) Soil bacteria only
(D) Charismatic species used to promote conservation awareness

12. Umbrella species are:
(A) Carnivores only
(B) Microbes only
(C) Single plant species only
(D) Species whose protection helps conserve many other species

13. Conservation strategies include:
(A) Only agriculture
(B) In-situ and ex-situ conservation
(C) Only forestry
(D) Mining operations

14. In-situ conservation involves:
(A) Laboratory storage of seeds only
(B) Captive breeding only
(C) Zoos only
(D) Protecting species in their natural habitats

15. Ex-situ conservation involves:
(A) Only forest protection
(B) Protecting species outside their natural habitats
(C) Habitat restoration only
(D) Pollution control only

16. National parks and wildlife sanctuaries are examples of:
(A) Captive breeding only
(B) Ex-situ conservation
(C) In-situ conservation
(D) Botanical gardens only

17. Zoos and botanical gardens are examples of:
(A) Forest protection only
(B) In-situ conservation
(C) Ex-situ conservation
(D) National parks only

18. Seed banks are used to:
(A) Produce antibiotics
(B) Store animals only
(C) Store genetic material of plants for future use
(D) Ferment food

19. Captive breeding programs aim to:
(A) Harvest timber
(B) Reduce biodiversity
(C) Destroy habitats
(D) Increase population of endangered species

20. Habitat destruction is caused primarily by:
(A) Photosynthesis
(B) Deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture
(C) Respiration only
(D) Decomposition only

21. Poaching refers to:
(A) Protecting species
(B) Planting trees
(C) Illegal hunting of animals
(D) Conservation research

22. Overexploitation affects:
(A) Water flow only
(B) Soil fertility only
(C) Air pollution only
(D) Population decline of species due to excessive harvesting

23. Invasive species:
(A) Only increase soil fertility
(B) Promote biodiversity only
(C) Disrupt native ecosystems
(D) Only live in zoos

24. Pollution affects biodiversity by:
(A) Causing habitat degradation and species decline
(B) Enhancing species diversity
(C) Increasing genetic variation
(D) Improving soil nutrients

25. Climate change impacts conservation by:
(A) Increasing soil fertility only
(B) Altering habitats and species distribution
(C) Reducing water only
(D) Enhancing photosynthesis only

26. Fragmentation of habitats leads to:
(A) Soil fertility increase only
(B) Increased biodiversity only
(C) Isolation of populations and reduced genetic diversity
(D) Improved water quality only

27. IUCN stands for:
(A) International University of Conservation
(B) International Union for Conservation of Nature
(C) International Union of Chemistry
(D) Institute for Conservation of Nature

28. Red List of IUCN provides information on:
(A) Conservation status of species
(B) DNA sequences only
(C) Soil nutrients only
(D) Forest types only

29. Critically Endangered species are:
(A) Abundant species
(B) Facing extremely high risk of extinction in the wild
(C) Keystone species only
(D) Invasive species only

30. Vulnerable species are:
(A) At high risk of extinction in the medium-term
(B) Abundant species
(C) Only predators
(D) Keystone species only

31. Conservation education aims to:
(A) Encourage hunting
(B) Promote deforestation
(C) Harvest wildlife only
(D) Raise awareness and promote sustainable practices

32. Wildlife corridors help in:
(A) Mining operations
(B) Isolating populations only
(C) Harvesting timber
(D) Connecting fragmented habitats to allow animal movement

33. Biosphere reserves are designed to:
(A) Reduce biodiversity
(B) Exploit natural resources
(C) Promote urbanization
(D) Integrate conservation, sustainable development, and research

34. Overfishing can lead to:
(A) Decline of fish populations and disruption of aquatic ecosystems
(B) Increased fish diversity only
(C) Soil fertility improvement only
(D) Water purification only

35. Endangered plants are conserved by:
(A) Poaching
(B) Hunting
(C) Botanical gardens and seed banks
(D) Urbanization

36. Ecotourism contributes to conservation by:
(A) Reducing biodiversity
(B) Increasing habitat destruction only
(C) Encouraging hunting
(D) Promoting awareness and providing funds for protection

37. Fragmentation of forests affects:
(A) Water flow only
(B) Only soil fertility
(C) Animal migration and gene flow
(D) Photosynthesis only

38. Illegal wildlife trade is a threat because it:
(A) Reduces populations and endangers species
(B) Enhances biodiversity
(C) Promotes conservation
(D) Increases genetic diversity

39. Restoration ecology focuses on:
(A) Rehabilitating degraded ecosystems
(B) Only soil chemistry
(C) Only laboratory research
(D) DNA sequencing only

40. Community-based conservation involves:
(A) Urban development only
(B) Ignoring human involvement
(C) Only government management
(D) Engaging local people in protecting natural resources

41. Climate mitigation strategies in conservation include:
(A) Soil degradation only
(B) Increasing deforestation
(C) Overfishing
(D) Afforestation and reducing greenhouse gas emissions

42. Biodiversity hotspots are regions:
(A) Rich in endemic species but threatened by human activity
(B) Poor in species only
(C) Desert areas only
(D) Arctic regions only

43. Ecosystem services include:
(A) Minerals only
(B) Soil only
(C) Benefits humans obtain from ecosystems like food, water, and climate regulation
(D) Rocks only

44. Overpopulation affects conservation by:
(A) Reducing species diversity only
(B) Increasing resource demand and habitat destruction
(C) Improving soil only
(D) Increasing forest cover

45. Protected areas are established to:
(A) Urbanize land
(B) Promote hunting only
(C) Preserve habitats and species
(D) Mine minerals

46. Sustainable resource management aims to:
(A) Exploit all resources immediately
(B) Use resources without compromising future availability
(C) Reduce biodiversity only
(D) Promote poaching

47. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) helps in:
(A) Predicting and mitigating negative effects of development projects
(B) Increasing pollution
(C) Promoting deforestation
(D) Reducing biodiversity

48. Conservation genetics helps in:
(A) Reducing genetic variation
(B) Maintaining genetic diversity of endangered populations
(C) Promoting invasive species
(D) Soil fertility only

49. Alien invasive species management aims to:
(A) Control or eradicate harmful non-native species
(B) Introduce more invasive species
(C) Promote species extinction
(D) Increase soil erosion

50. Global treaties like CITES aim to:
(A) Reduce biodiversity
(B) Promote poaching
(C) Protect endangered species from international trade
(D) Encourage habitat destruction