Biodiversity — MCQs Biology

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1. Biodiversity refers to:
(A) Number of humans in a region
(B) Only plant species
(C) Only microbial species
(D) Variety of life at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels

2. Genetic diversity is:
(A) Variation in genes within a species
(B) Number of ecosystems
(C) Species diversity only
(D) Soil nutrient variation only

3. Species diversity refers to:
(A) Number of genes only
(B) Number of species in an area
(C) Number of individuals only
(D) Soil microorganisms only

4. Ecosystem diversity refers to:
(A) Number of predators only
(B) Number of species only
(C) Genetic variation only
(D) Variety of ecosystems in a region

5. Endemic species are:
(A) Species found only in a specific geographic area
(B) Species found worldwide
(C) Invasive species only
(D) Extinct species

6. Keystone species are:
(A) Plants only
(B) Species with no ecological role
(C) Microbes only
(D) Species with a large impact on ecosystem structure

7. Indicator species are:
(A) Used to monitor ecosystem health
(B) Only predators
(C) Only herbivores
(D) Only microbes

8. Biodiversity hotspots are regions:
(A) Poor in species only
(B) Rich in endemic species and under threat
(C) Desert areas only
(D) Arctic regions only

9. Threatened species include:
(A) Vulnerable, endangered, and critically endangered species
(B) Abundant species
(C) Only invasive species
(D) Species in captivity only

10. Endangered species are:
(A) Invasive species only
(B) Abundant species
(C) Keystone species only
(D) At risk of extinction

11. Critically endangered species are:
(A) Only predators
(B) Abundant species
(C) Facing extremely high risk of extinction in the wild
(D) Microbes only

12. Extinct species are:
(A) No longer existing anywhere
(B) Rare species
(C) Threatened species only
(D) Endangered species only

13. Invasive species are:
(A) Non-native species that disrupt ecosystems
(B) Native species only
(C) Keystone species only
(D) Rare species only

14. Habitat loss affects biodiversity by:
(A) Increasing species diversity
(B) Reducing species populations and diversity
(C) Improving soil fertility
(D) Enhancing water quality only

15. Overexploitation reduces biodiversity by:
(A) Promoting species diversity
(B) Excessive harvesting of species
(C) Only increasing genetic diversity
(D) Improving forest cover

16. Pollution affects biodiversity by:
(A) Increasing species diversity
(B) Causing habitat degradation and species decline
(C) Improving soil nutrients only
(D) Enhancing photosynthesis only

17. Climate change impacts biodiversity by:
(A) Altering habitats and species distributions
(B) Improving soil fertility only
(C) Enhancing photosynthesis only
(D) Reducing water only

18. Conservation of biodiversity involves:
(A) Only agriculture
(B) In-situ and ex-situ strategies
(C) Industrial expansion only
(D) Mining operations

19. In-situ conservation refers to:
(A) Protecting species in their natural habitats
(B) Captive breeding only
(C) Zoos only
(D) Laboratory storage of seeds only

20. Ex-situ conservation refers to:
(A) Only forest protection
(B) Protecting species outside their natural habitats
(C) Habitat restoration only
(D) Pollution control only

21. National parks and wildlife sanctuaries are examples of:
(A) Ex-situ conservation
(B) In-situ conservation
(C) Captive breeding only
(D) Botanical gardens only

22. Zoos and botanical gardens are examples of:
(A) Ex-situ conservation
(B) In-situ conservation
(C) Forest protection only
(D) National parks only

23. Seed banks help in:
(A) Storing genetic material of plants for future use
(B) Storing animals only
(C) Producing antibiotics
(D) Fermenting food only

24. Captive breeding programs aim to:
(A) Destroy habitats
(B) Reduce biodiversity
(C) Increase population of endangered species
(D) Harvest timber

25. Ecotourism helps biodiversity conservation by:
(A) Increasing habitat destruction
(B) Raising awareness and providing funds
(C) Promoting hunting
(D) Reducing species diversity

26. Community-based conservation involves:
(A) Only government management
(B) Ignoring human involvement
(C) Engaging local people in protecting natural resources
(D) Urban development only

27. Restoration ecology focuses on:
(A) Soil chemistry only
(B) Rehabilitating degraded ecosystems
(C) Laboratory research only
(D) DNA sequencing only

28. Biodiversity provides ecosystem services like:
(A) Soil only
(B) Food, water purification, and climate regulation
(C) Rocks only
(D) Minerals only

29. Threats to biodiversity include:
(A) Habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and invasive species
(B) Only planting trees
(C) Only forest protection
(D) Natural regeneration only

30. Overpopulation affects biodiversity by:
(A) Improving forest cover
(B) Increasing resource demand and habitat destruction
(C) Reducing human activity
(D) Increasing soil fertility only

31. Global treaties like CITES aim to:
(A) Promote poaching
(B) Protect endangered species from international trade
(C) Reduce biodiversity
(D) Encourage habitat destruction

32. Biodiversity is highest in:
(A) Deserts
(B) Tropical rainforests
(C) Tundra
(D) Polar regions

33. Marine biodiversity is concentrated in:
(A) Coral reefs
(B) Open ocean only
(C) Deep ocean trenches only
(D) Arctic seas only

34. Biodiversity increases ecosystem stability by:
(A) Decreasing nutrient recycling
(B) Reducing energy flow
(C) Enhancing resilience to environmental changes
(D) Reducing species interactions

35. Ecological redundancy in biodiversity means:
(A) Only one species exists per niche
(B) Species have no role
(C) Multiple species perform similar ecological roles
(D) Reduces ecosystem function

36. Pollinator species are important because they:
(A) Consume water only
(B) Reduce biodiversity only
(C) Increase soil erosion
(D) Ensure plant reproduction and food production

37. Loss of apex predators affects biodiversity by:
(A) Causing trophic cascades
(B) Increasing biomass only
(C) Improving soil fertility only
(D) Increasing genetic variation only

38. Fragmentation of habitats reduces biodiversity by:
(A) Increasing species interactions
(B) Isolating populations and reducing gene flow
(C) Improving ecosystem services
(D) Enhancing pollination only

39. Alien invasive species management aims to:
(A) Introduce more invasive species
(B) Control or eradicate harmful non-native species
(C) Promote extinction
(D) Reduce soil fertility

40. Protected areas conserve biodiversity by:
(A) Mining resources
(B) Promoting hunting only
(C) Urbanizing land
(D) Preserving habitats and species

41. Conservation genetics helps in:
(A) Reducing variation
(B) Maintaining genetic diversity of endangered populations
(C) Promoting invasive species
(D) Soil fertility only

42. Biodiversity also contributes to:
(A) Rocks only
(B) Only soil formation
(C) Medicine, agriculture, and ecosystem stability
(D) Atmospheric pressure only

43. Habitat corridors help biodiversity by:
(A) Connecting fragmented habitats for animal movement
(B) Isolating populations
(C) Encouraging poaching
(D) Reducing gene flow

44. Climate change affects biodiversity by:
(A) Enhancing only soil nutrients
(B) Altering habitats and migration patterns
(C) Reducing sunlight
(D) Increasing oxygen only

45. Sustainable development promotes biodiversity by:
(A) Exploiting resources immediately
(B) Using resources without compromising future availability
(C) Deforestation only
(D) Overhunting only

46. Biodiversity monitoring involves:
(A) Tracking changes in species, populations, and ecosystems
(B) DNA sequencing only
(C) Soil analysis only
(D) Atmospheric study only

47. Habitat restoration increases biodiversity by:
(A) Re-establishing native species and ecosystem functions
(B) Removing plants only
(C) Increasing invasive species
(D) Reducing soil fertility

48. Overfishing reduces biodiversity by:
(A) Enhancing photosynthesis
(B) Increasing fish diversity only
(C) Improving soil fertility
(D) Declining fish populations and disrupting aquatic food webs

49. Community-based biodiversity conservation involves:
(A) Engaging local people in sustainable practices
(B) Ignoring humans
(C) Government-only programs
(D) Industrial expansion only

50. Ecological redundancy ensures:
(A) Reduced nutrient cycling
(B) Decreased ecosystem function
(C) Ecosystem stability despite species loss
(D) Only energy loss