Q#1: In DBMS, backup refers to:
(A) Creating a copy of the database to prevent data loss
(B) Normalizing tables
(C) Creating indexes
(D) Encrypting data
Answer: (A) Creating a copy of the database to prevent data loss
Q#2: Recovery in DBMS is:
(A) Restoring the database to a correct state after failure
(B) Normalization process
(C) Index creation
(D) Encrypting tables
Answer: (A) Restoring the database to a correct state after failure
Q#3: Types of backups include:
(A) Full, incremental, differential
(B) Only full backup
(C) Only incremental
(D) Only differential
Answer: (A) Full, incremental, differential
Q#4: Full backup:
(A) Copies the entire database
(B) Copies only changed data
(C) Copies only logs
(D) Copies only indexes
Answer: (A) Copies the entire database
Q#5: Incremental backup:
(A) Copies only data changed since the last backup
(B) Copies entire database
(C) Copies only indexes
(D) Copies only logs
Answer: (A) Copies only data changed since the last backup
Q#6: Differential backup:
(A) Copies data changed since the last full backup
(B) Copies entire database
(C) Copies only logs
(D) Copies only indexes
Answer: (A) Copies data changed since the last full backup
Q#7: Hot backup refers to:
(A) Backup performed while the database is online
(B) Backup performed when the database is offline
(C) Backup of only logs
(D) Backup of only indexes
Answer: (A) Backup performed while the database is online
Q#8: Cold backup refers to:
(A) Backup performed when the database is offline
(B) Backup performed online
(C) Backup of logs only
(D) Backup of indexes only
Answer: (A) Backup performed when the database is offline
Q#9: Recovery techniques include:
(A) Rollback, rollforward, checkpointing
(B) Only rollback
(C) Only rollforward
(D) Only checkpointing
Answer: (A) Rollback, rollforward, checkpointing
Q#10: Rollback restores the database to:
(A) The last consistent state before a transaction
(B) The end of the transaction
(C) Backup only
(D) Index state
Answer: (A) The last consistent state before a transaction
Q#11: Rollforward restores the database to:
(A) A specific point after a backup using logs
(B) The last consistent state before a transaction
(C) Only indexes
(D) Only encryption
Answer: (A) A specific point after a backup using logs
Q#12: Checkpointing in DBMS is used to:
(A) Reduce recovery time by saving the current database state
(B) Backup indexes only
(C) Encrypt tables only
(D) Normalize tables
Answer: (A) Reduce recovery time by saving the current database state
Q#13: WAL (Write-Ahead Logging) ensures:
(A) Changes are logged before being applied to the database
(B) Only backup
(C) Only indexing
(D) Only normalization
Answer: (A) Changes are logged before being applied to the database
Q#14: Archive logs in recovery:
(A) Store historical changes to support rollforward
(B) Backup indexes only
(C) Encrypt data
(D) Normalize tables
Answer: (A) Store historical changes to support rollforward
Q#15: Transaction logs are used for:
(A) Undoing or redoing transactions during recovery
(B) Backup only
(C) Indexing only
(D) Encryption only
Answer: (A) Undoing or redoing transactions during recovery
Q#16: Cold backup is also called:
(A) Offline backup
(B) Online backup
(C) Incremental backup
(D) Differential backup
Answer: (A) Offline backup
Q#17: Hot backup is also called:
(A) Online backup
(B) Offline backup
(C) Full backup
(D) Incremental backup
Answer: (A) Online backup
Q#18: A recovery point objective (RPO) defines:
(A) Maximum tolerable data loss
(B) Backup frequency only
(C) Indexing strategy
(D) Encryption method
Answer: (A) Maximum tolerable data loss
Q#19: A recovery time objective (RTO) defines:
(A) Maximum tolerable downtime
(B) Backup frequency only
(C) Indexing strategy
(D) Encryption method
Answer: (A) Maximum tolerable downtime
Q#20: Shadow paging is a technique used for:
(A) Recovery by maintaining a copy of database pages
(B) Backup only
(C) Indexing only
(D) Encryption only
Answer: (A) Recovery by maintaining a copy of database pages
Q#21: Mirroring in databases refers to:
(A) Keeping an exact copy of the database on another server
(B) Incremental backup
(C) Differential backup
(D) Checkpointing only
Answer: (A) Keeping an exact copy of the database on another server
Q#22: RAID in storage helps:
(A) Enhance data availability and fault tolerance
(B) Only backup
(C) Only indexing
(D) Only encryption
Answer: (A) Enhance data availability and fault tolerance
Q#23: Cold backup is safer than hot backup because:
(A) No transactions are occurring, ensuring consistency
(B) It is faster
(C) It uses logs
(D) It uses indexes only
Answer: (A) No transactions are occurring, ensuring consistency
Q#24: Incremental backup reduces:
(A) Storage space and backup time
(B) Recovery time only
(C) Indexing time only
(D) Encryption time only
Answer: (A) Storage space and backup time
Q#25: Recovery using logs is called:
(A) Log-based recovery
(B) Rollback only
(C) Rollforward only
(D) Checkpointing only
Answer: (A) Log-based recovery
Q#26: Full recovery requires:
(A) Full backup and all transaction logs since backup
(B) Only incremental backup
(C) Only differential backup
(D) Only checkpoints
Answer: (A) Full backup and all transaction logs since backup
Q#27: Point-in-time recovery allows:
(A) Restoring the database to a specific moment in time
(B) Only full recovery
(C) Only index recovery
(D) Only backup recovery
Answer: (A) Restoring the database to a specific moment in time
Q#28: Differential backup is faster than full backup because:
(A) It copies only changed data since last full backup
(B) It copies the entire database
(C) It indexes only
(D) It encrypts only
Answer: (A) It copies only changed data since last full backup
Q#29: Recovery mechanisms are necessary to:
(A) Ensure database reliability and data integrity
(B) Backup only
(C) Indexing only
(D) Encryption only
Answer: (A) Ensure database reliability and data integrity
Q#30: Main goal of backup and recovery in DBMS is:
(A) Protect data against loss and restore it after failures
(B) Encrypt data only
(C) Index data only
(D) Normalize tables only
Answer: (A) Protect data against loss and restore it after failures