Natural Resource Management MCQs

1. : Natural Resource Management (NRM) mainly deals with:
(A) Only industrial growth
(B) Sustainable use and conservation of land, water, soil, plants, and animals
(C) Economic growth only
(D) Political stability

2. : Which of the following is a renewable natural resource?
(A) Petroleum
(B) Coal
(C) Forests
(D) Natural gas

3. : Which of the following is a non-renewable natural resource?
(A) Solar energy
(B) Freshwater
(C) Minerals
(D) Biomass

4. : The main goal of natural resource management is:
(A) Overexploitation of resources
(B) Maximizing short-term economic gains
(C) Long-term sustainability and conservation
(D) Ignoring social needs

5. : The term “carrying capacity” refers to:
(A) Maximum resources a country can import
(B) Maximum population an environment can sustain without degradation
(C) Maximum crop yield per hectare
(D) Maximum water in a dam

6. : Which international summit first emphasized sustainable use of natural resources?
(A) Paris Agreement 2015
(B) Rio Earth Summit 1992
(C) Montreal Protocol 1987
(D) Kyoto Protocol 1997

7. : Watershed management is primarily related to:
(A) Air quality control
(B) Soil and water conservation in catchment areas
(C) Forest protection only
(D) Mining activities

8. : Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) focuses on:
(A) Exclusive government control
(B) Involving local communities in managing resources
(C) Privatization of resources
(D) Industrial exploitation

9. : Overgrazing of land leads to:
(A) Soil erosion and desertification
(B) Improved biodiversity
(C) Higher crop yields
(D) Better soil fertility

10. : Which of the following is a method of forest resource management?
(A) Deforestation
(B) Afforestation and reforestation
(C) Slash and burn agriculture
(D) Overexploitation

11. : The Ramsar Convention is associated with conservation of:
(A) Wetlands
(B) Forests
(C) Fisheries
(D) Atmosphere

12. : Which of the following practices promotes soil conservation?
(A) Over-irrigation
(B) Contour plowing and terracing
(C) Monocropping
(D) Overuse of fertilizers

13. : Renewable resources can be sustained if:
(A) Used at a rate faster than replenishment
(B) Used within the regeneration capacity
(C) Ignored completely
(D) Privatized for industries only

14. : Which natural resource is most critical for agriculture?
(A) Oil
(B) Water and soil
(C) Coal
(D) Iron

15. : Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) emphasizes:
(A) Managing water resources in isolation
(B) Coordinated development and management of water, land, and related resources
(C) Overexploitation of rivers
(D) Ignoring local communities

16. : The overuse of groundwater resources may lead to:
(A) Ground subsidence and water scarcity
(B) Increase in soil fertility
(C) Improved biodiversity
(D) Higher rainfall

17. : Which of the following is considered an abiotic natural resource?
(A) Fish
(B) Forests
(C) Soil
(D) Wildlife

18. : Which approach is best for balancing resource use with conservation?
(A) Sustainable development
(B) Maximum exploitation
(C) Industrial privatization
(D) Ignoring community needs

19. : Which of the following energy sources is renewable?
(A) Natural gas
(B) Coal
(C) Solar power
(D) Petroleum

20. : Which practice leads to depletion of forest resources?
(A) Sustainable harvesting
(B) Selective logging
(C) Deforestation for agriculture and urbanization
(D) Agroforestry

21. : Biodiversity is important for natural resource management because it:
(A) Reduces soil fertility
(B) Ensures ecosystem stability and resilience
(C) Promotes desertification
(D) Increases pollution

22. : The term “tragedy of the commons” refers to:
(A) Sustainable use of shared resources
(B) Overuse and depletion of common resources due to individual self-interest
(C) Privatization of land
(D) Protection of resources by government

23. : Fisheries management includes practices like:
(A) Overfishing
(B) Regulating catch limits and protecting breeding grounds
(C) Dumping waste in oceans
(D) Expanding fishing fleets

24. : Which organization introduced the concept of “World Conservation Strategy”?
(A) United Nations (UN)
(B) World Bank
(C) International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
(D) WWF

25. : The main challenge in natural resource management is:
(A) Balancing human needs with environmental conservation
(B) Promoting overexploitation
(C) Ignoring indigenous communities
(D) Expanding mining activities