1. : The variety of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or the entire Earth is called:
(A) Ecology
(B) Biodiversity
(C) Evolution
(D) Genetics
2. : Which type of biodiversity refers to the variety of species in an ecosystem?
(A) Genetic diversity
(B) Species diversity
(C) Ecosystem diversity
(D) Functional diversity
3. : The “hotspots of biodiversity” concept was introduced by:
(A) Norman Myers
(B) Charles Darwin
(C) Alfred Wallace
(D) E.O. Wilson
4. : How many global biodiversity hotspots are currently recognized?
(A) 17
(B) 25
(C) 36
(D) 42
5. : Which country is known as a “megadiverse country”?
(A) Japan
(B) Brazil
(C) Canada
(D) Russia
6. : Endemic species are those that:
(A) Are found worldwide
(B) Are found only in a particular region
(C) Are extinct everywhere
(D) Are migratory
7. : The Red Data Book is published by:
(A) WWF
(B) UNEP
(C) IUCN
(D) IPCC
8. : Which of the following is NOT an in-situ conservation method?
(A) National parks
(B) Wildlife sanctuaries
(C) Botanical gardens
(D) Biosphere reserves
9. : The ex-situ conservation technique includes:
(A) Sacred groves
(B) Seed banks and gene banks
(C) Wildlife sanctuaries
(D) National parks
10. : Which biome has the highest biodiversity?
(A) Desert
(B) Tundra
(C) Tropical rainforest
(D) Temperate grassland
11. : The main cause of biodiversity loss worldwide is:
(A) Climate change
(B) Habitat destruction
(C) Invasive species
(D) Overexploitation
12. : Which international treaty aims to conserve biological diversity?
(A) Kyoto Protocol
(B) Montreal Protocol
(C) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
(D) Paris Agreement
13. : The “edge effect” is most closely associated with:
(A) Habitat fragmentation
(B) Species extinction
(C) Genetic drift
(D) Inbreeding
14. : Which of the following is a keystone species?
(A) Tiger in forests
(B) Earthworm in soil
(C) Honeybee in pollination
(D) All of the above
15. : CITES is an international agreement focused on:
(A) Controlling trade in endangered species
(B) Preventing greenhouse gases
(C) Managing fisheries
(D) Protecting ozone layer
16. : The loss of a species from a local area, though it exists elsewhere, is called:
(A) Global extinction
(B) Local extinction (extirpation)
(C) Mass extinction
(D) Background extinction
17. : Sacred groves in India are an example of:
(A) In-situ conservation
(B) Ex-situ conservation
(C) Deforestation practices
(D) Agroforestry
18. : Which biodiversity hotspot is located in Pakistan?
(A) Himalaya (Indo-Burma)
(B) Sundalands
(C) Madagascar
(D) Tundra region
19. : Genetic diversity within a species provides:
(A) Resistance to diseases and adaptability
(B) Uniform traits only
(C) Faster extinction
(D) None of the above
20. : The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) was signed in:
(A) 1973
(B) 1987
(C) 1992
(D) 2000
21. : Which of the following is an example of an endangered species?
(A) House sparrow
(B) Bengal tiger
(C) Cow
(D) Pigeon
22. : The term “biodiversity hotspot” means an area that has:
(A) Low species diversity
(B) High species richness and high endemism
(C) Only one type of vegetation
(D) Low productivity ecosystems
23. : Which organization publishes the “Living Planet Report”?
(A) UNEP
(B) WWF
(C) IUCN
(D) IPCC
24. : Bioprospecting refers to:
(A) Searching for mineral resources
(B) Exploration of biodiversity for new resources of social and commercial value
(C) Studying geological formations
(D) Climate modeling
25. : The ultimate goal of biodiversity conservation is to:
(A) Promote tourism only
(B) Ensure sustainable use of biological resources
(C) Reduce natural vegetation
(D) Increase deforestation for development