1. Bacteriology is the study of:
(A) Bacteria
(B) Viruses
(C) Fungi
(D) Algae
2. Bacteria are:
(A) Protozoa
(B) Eukaryotic organisms
(C) Fungi
(D) Prokaryotic organisms
3. The scientist who discovered bacteria was:
(A) Robert Koch
(B) Louis Pasteur
(C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
(D) Alexander Fleming
4. Bacterial cell wall is made up of:
(A) Starch
(B) Cellulose
(C) Chitin
(D) Peptidoglycan
5. Gram-positive bacteria have:
(A) Cellulose layer
(B) Thin peptidoglycan layer
(C) No peptidoglycan
(D) Thick peptidoglycan layer
6. Gram-negative bacteria have:
(A) Only cellulose
(B) Thick peptidoglycan layer
(C) No cell wall
(D) Thin peptidoglycan layer and outer membrane
7. Bacterial shape cocci are:
(A) Rod-shaped
(B) Spherical
(C) Spiral
(D) Filamentous
8. Bacterial shape bacilli are:
(A) Rod-shaped
(B) Spherical
(C) Spiral
(D) Star-shaped
9. Bacterial shape spirilla are:
(A) Spiral
(B) Spherical
(C) Rod-shaped
(D) Oval
10. Bacterial reproduction occurs mainly by:
(A) Binary fission
(B) Budding
(C) Fragmentation
(D) Spore formation
11. Endospores are:
(A) Nutrient stores
(B) Reproductive cells
(C) Highly resistant structures
(D) Only pigments
12. Obligate aerobes require:
(A) Oxygen
(B) No oxygen
(C) Both oxygen and absence of oxygen
(D) Only nitrogen
13. Obligate anaerobes:
(A) Can grow with or without oxygen
(B) Require oxygen
(C) Cannot survive in presence of oxygen
(D) Only produce spores
14. Facultative anaerobes can:
(A) Only produce endospores
(B) Only with oxygen
(C) Only without oxygen
(D) Grow with or without oxygen
15. Bacteria that obtain energy from sunlight are called:
(A) Photoautotrophs
(B) Chemoautotrophs
(C) Heterotrophs
(D) Saprophytes
16. Bacteria that obtain energy from chemicals are:
(A) Parasites
(B) Photoautotrophs
(C) Heterotrophs
(D) Chemoautotrophs
17. Bacteria that feed on dead organic matter are:
(A) Autotrophs
(B) Parasites
(C) Saprophytes
(D) Photoautotrophs
18. Bacteria that cause disease are called:
(A) Pathogens
(B) Saprophytes
(C) Autotrophs
(D) Nitrogen-fixers
19. Robert Koch is famous for:
(A) Koch’s postulates
(B) Pasteurization
(C) Discovery of penicillin
(D) Microscopy
20. Louis Pasteur contributed to bacteriology by:
(A) Gram staining
(B) Discovering antibiotics
(C) Pasteurization and disproving spontaneous generation
(D) Identifying viruses
21. Bacterial pili are used for:
(A) Photosynthesis
(B) Motility
(C) Spore formation
(D) Conjugation and attachment
22. Bacterial flagella are used for:
(A) Movement
(B) Attachment only
(C) Spore formation only
(D) Reproduction only
23. Capsule in bacteria serves to:
(A) Store nutrients
(B) Aid in motility
(C) Aid in binary fission
(D) Protect against phagocytosis
24. Bacteria store food in:
(A) Inclusion bodies or granules
(B) Nucleus
(C) Vacuoles
(D) Mitochondria
25. Gram staining technique was developed by:
(A) Robert Koch
(B) Hans Christian Gram
(C) Louis Pasteur
(D) Alexander Fleming
26. Antibiotics are produced by:
(A) Viruses only
(B) Bacteria and fungi
(C) Plants only
(D) Algae only
27. Penicillin is produced by:
(A) Streptomyces
(B) Penicillium
(C) Bacillus
(D) E. coli
28. Streptomycin is produced by:
(A) Bacillus
(B) Streptomyces
(C) Penicillium
(D) Lactobacillus
29. Endotoxins are:
(A) Produced by viruses
(B) Secreted outside the cell
(C) Produced by fungi
(D) Toxins released from bacterial cell wall
30. Exotoxins are:
(A) Only pigments
(B) Endotoxins
(C) Secreted toxins
(D) Only spores
31. Facultative intracellular bacteria include:
(A) Clostridium
(B) Bacillus
(C) Salmonella
(D) Lactobacillus
32. Obligate intracellular bacteria include:
(A) Rickettsia
(B) Escherichia
(C) Bacillus
(D) Clostridium
33. Bacteria that fix nitrogen in root nodules are:
(A) Streptococcus
(B) Bacillus
(C) Salmonella
(D) Rhizobium
34. Cyanobacteria are:
(A) Fungi
(B) Photosynthetic bacteria
(C) Protozoa
(D) Archaea
35. Thermophilic bacteria grow best at:
(A) Neutral temperatures
(B) Low temperatures
(C) High temperatures
(D) Only in air
36. Psychrophilic bacteria grow best at:
(A) High temperatures
(B) Low temperatures
(C) Neutral temperatures
(D) Only soil
37. Halophilic bacteria grow best in:
(A) High salt environments
(B) Freshwater
(C) Acidic soil
(D) Neutral pH only
38. Spirochetes are:
(A) Spherical bacteria
(B) Helical bacteria
(C) Rod-shaped bacteria
(D) Filamentous bacteria
39. Cyanobacteria contribute to:
(A) Oxygen production and nitrogen fixation
(B) Only disease
(C) Only soil degradation
(D) Only water pollution
40. Bacteria used in dairy industry include:
(A) Clostridium only
(B) Bacillus only
(C) Salmonella only
(D) Lactobacillus and Streptococcus
41. Spore-forming bacteria include:
(A) Staphylococcus only
(B) Streptococcus only
(C) Bacillus and Clostridium
(D) E. coli only
42. Microaerophiles require:
(A) High oxygen
(B) No oxygen
(C) Low oxygen concentration
(D) Nitrogen only
43. Bacterial conjugation is:
(A) Exchange of genetic material through pili
(B) Binary fission
(C) Budding
(D) Sporulation
44. Bacterial transformation involves:
(A) Binary fission
(B) Uptake of naked DNA from the environment
(C) Spore formation
(D) Motility
45. Bacterial transduction is mediated by:
(A) Pili
(B) Bacteriophages
(C) Flagella
(D) Endospores
46. Pure culture can be obtained by:
(A) Spore formation
(B) Streak plate method
(C) Binary fission
(D) Biofilm formation
47. Bacteria used in antibiotic production include:
(A) Bacillus anthracis
(B) Salmonella
(C) Streptomyces
(D) Clostridium tetani
48. Biofilms are:
(A) Viruses only
(B) Free-floating bacteria only
(C) Microbial communities attached to surfaces
(D) Algae only
49. Bacterial capsules are composed of:
(A) Proteins only
(B) Polysaccharides
(C) Lipids only
(D) DNA only
50. Bacteriology is important for:
(A) Only water treatment
(B) Only plant growth
(C) Only soil formation
(D) Medicine, agriculture, and industry