1. What is the primary purpose of a safe water supply?
(A) To improve transportation
(B) To prevent waterborne diseases and promote health
(C) To increase industrial production
(D) To reduce electricity consumption
2. Which of the following is considered a safe source of drinking water?
(A) Unprotected river
(B) Open pond
(C) Protected deep well
(D) Stagnant water
3. Water intended for drinking is called:
(A) Potable water
(B) Wastewater
(C) Saline water
(D) Industrial water
4. Which process removes large suspended particles from water?
(A) Fluoridation
(B) Chlorination
(C) Sedimentation
(D) Aeration
5. The main purpose of filtration in water treatment is to:
(A) Remove color only
(B) Increase water temperature
(C) Add minerals only
(D) Remove fine suspended particles and microorganisms
6. Chlorination is mainly used to:
(A) Improve taste only
(B) Increase water hardness
(C) Remove sand only
(D) Disinfect drinking water
7. Which chemical is commonly used for chlorination of water?
(A) Sodium chloride
(B) Bleaching powder
(C) Sugar
(D) Lime juice
8. The ideal residual chlorine level in drinking water after 30 minutes is:
(A) 5 mg/L
(B) 0.5 mg/L
(C) 10 mg/L
(D) 20 mg/L
9. Which disease is commonly transmitted through contaminated drinking water?
(A) Hypertension
(B) Diabetes mellitus
(C) Asthma
(D) Cholera
10. Typhoid fever is mainly spread through:
(A) Mosquito bites
(B) Contaminated food and water
(C) Airborne droplets only
(D) Animal bites
11. Which microorganism commonly causes cholera?
(A) Escherichia coli
(B) Vibrio cholerae
(C) Salmonella typhi
(D) Staphylococcus aureus
12. Boiling water for drinking mainly:
(A) Increases hardness
(B) Removes all chemicals
(C) Kills disease-causing microorganisms
(D) Changes its color
13. Which is the safest household method of water purification?
(A) Adding sugar
(B) Boiling
(C) Freezing
(D) Stirring
14. Water hardness is mainly caused by:
(A) Sodium chloride
(B) Calcium and magnesium salts
(C) Iron only
(D) Potassium only
15. Which of the following is a physical characteristic of water?
(A) Turbidity
(B) pH
(C) Bacteria count
(D) Chlorine content
16. The pH of safe drinking water is generally:
(A) 2–3
(B) 6.5–8.5
(C) 10–12
(D) 13–14
17. Which test indicates fecal contamination of water?
(A) Hemoglobin test
(B) Coliform test
(C) Blood glucose test
(D) ESR test
18. Sanitation refers to:
(A) Road construction
(B) Food production only
(C) Safe disposal of human waste and maintenance of hygiene
(D) Electricity generation
19. Which is the most sanitary method of excreta disposal in urban areas?
(A) Open pit
(B) Open defecation
(C) Sewerage system
(D) River disposal
20. Open defecation mainly increases the risk of:
(A) Bone fractures
(B) Eye diseases
(C) Hair loss
(D) Waterborne diseases
21. Which toilet system is commonly used in rural areas?
(A) Flush toilet connected to sewer only
(B) Pit latrine
(C) Chemical toilet only
(D) Portable toilet only
22. A sanitary latrine should be located:
(A) Away from drinking water sources
(B) Next to wells
(C) Inside kitchens
(D) In rivers
23. The main purpose of sewage treatment is to:
(A) Reduce pollution before disposal
(B) Increase water hardness
(C) Produce drinking water directly
(D) Increase odor
24. Which stage of sewage treatment removes large floating materials?
(A) Fluoridation
(B) Chlorination
(C) Filtration
(D) Screening
25. Septic tanks are mainly used for:
(A) Rainwater harvesting only
(B) Water purification
(C) Food storage
(D) Disposal of household sewage in areas without sewer systems
26. Which practice helps prevent contamination of drinking water?
(A) Protecting water sources
(B) Washing clothes in wells
(C) Dumping waste near rivers
(D) Open sewage disposal
27. Handwashing with soap after using the toilet helps prevent:
(A) Hypertension
(B) Fecal-oral disease transmission
(C) Diabetes
(D) Arthritis
28. Which disease is strongly associated with poor sanitation?
(A) Diarrhea
(B) Cataract
(C) Migraine
(D) Osteoporosis
29. Which is an example of a waterborne disease?
(A) Influenza
(B) Tuberculosis
(C) Measles
(D) Hepatitis A
30. Rainwater harvesting is mainly done to:
(A) Produce sewage
(B) Increase pollution
(C) Conserve water resources
(D) Remove groundwater
31. Which organization monitors drinking water quality globally?
(A) IMF
(B) FIFA
(C) UNESCO
(D) World Health Organization (WHO)
32. Which type of pollution directly affects drinking water quality?
(A) Noise pollution
(B) Water pollution
(C) Light pollution
(D) Thermal pollution only
33. Safe water storage at home requires:
(A) Rusty containers
(B) Open buckets
(C) Covered, clean containers
(D) Dirty tanks
34. Which disease can result from drinking arsenic-contaminated water?
(A) Asthma
(B) Arsenicosis
(C) Influenza
(D) Tuberculosis
35. Excess fluoride in drinking water may cause:
(A) Scurvy
(B) Night blindness
(C) Goiter
(D) Dental fluorosis
36. Which method is commonly used to disinfect wells?
(A) Chlorination
(B) Boiling the well
(C) Filtration only
(D) Sedimentation only
37. Which type of waste is carried through sewer systems?
(A) Liquid waste (sewage)
(B) Plastic bottles only
(C) Metal waste only
(D) Electronic waste
38. The fecal-oral route is commonly associated with:
(A) Noise pollution
(B) Air pollution
(C) Poor sanitation and hygiene
(D) Radiation exposure
39. Which is the best method to prevent waterborne diseases?
(A) Taking vitamins only
(B) Air conditioning
(C) Wearing sunglasses
(D) Safe water supply and proper sanitation
40. Which disease is commonly prevented by improving sanitation?
(A) Asthma
(B) Epilepsy
(C) Dysentery
(D) Cancer
41. The main objective of sanitation programs is to:
(A) Improve transportation
(B) Increase industrial waste
(C) Reduce rainfall
(D) Prevent disease transmission
42. Which water treatment process improves taste and odor by removing dissolved gases?
(A) Sedimentation
(B) Aeration
(C) Screening
(D) Chlorination
43. Which of the following is an improved sanitation facility?
(A) Bush area
(B) Open field
(C) Riverbank
(D) Flush toilet connected to a septic tank
44. Safe disposal of human excreta helps reduce:
(A) Eye injuries
(B) Road accidents
(C) Intestinal infections
(D) Skin color changes
45. The most important indicator of bacteriological water quality is:
(A) Sodium level
(B) E. coli (Coliform bacteria)
(C) Calcium level
(D) Iron level
46. Water scarcity can be reduced by:
(A) Wasting water
(B) Water conservation
(C) Polluting rivers
(D) Cutting forests
47. Which practice promotes community sanitation?
(A) Proper waste disposal and toilet use
(B) Open dumping of garbage
(C) Open defecation
(D) Blocking drains
48. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) specifically related to clean water and sanitation is:
(A) SDG 6
(B) SDG 3
(C) SDG 1
(D) SDG 13
49. Which environmental condition favors the spread of waterborne diseases?
(A) Flooding and poor sanitation
(B) Clean drinking water
(C) Proper sewage disposal
(D) Handwashing with soap
50. The ultimate aim of water supply and sanitation programs is to:
(A) Reduce agricultural production
(B) Increase water consumption only
(C) Promote industrial waste disposal
(D) Protect public health through safe water and hygienic sanitation