1. : What is the primary cause of the water crisis in Pakistan?
(A) Population decline
(B) Industrialization
(C) Poor water management
(D) Abundant rainfall
2. : Which river is the lifeline of Pakistan’s agriculture?
(A) Jhelum
(B) Ravi
(C) Sutlej
(D) Indus
3. : Which international treaty governs the water sharing between India and Pakistan?
(A) Tashkent Agreement
(B) Indus Waters Treaty
(C) Simla Agreement
(D) Geneva Convention
4. : In which year was the Indus Waters Treaty signed?
(A) 1947
(B) 1951
(C) 1960
(D) 1972
5. : Which international body helped negotiate the Indus Waters Treaty?
(A) UN
(B) World Bank
(C) IMF
(D) SAARC
6. : What percentage of Pakistan’s water comes from the Indus River System?
(A) 50%
(B) 60%
(C) 75%
(D) Over 90%
7. : Pakistan is categorized as what type of water-stressed country?
(A) Water-surplus
(B) Moderate-stress
(C) High-stress
(D) Water-secure
8. : What is the per capita water availability in Pakistan (2023 estimate)?
(A) 5000 m³
(B) 3000 m³
(C) 1000 m³
(D) Below 900 m³
9. : What is the threshold level of water stress per capita according to global standards?
(A) 2000 m³
(B) 1700 m³
(C) 1000 m³
(D) 700 m³
10. : What is the main reason for water losses in Pakistan?
(A) Earthquakes
(B) Urban floods
(C) Canal seepage and outdated irrigation
(D) Snowfall
11. : Which sector consumes the highest amount of water in Pakistan?
(A) Industry
(B) Domestic
(C) Agriculture
(D) Services
12. : What is the approximate percentage of water used by agriculture in Pakistan?
(A) 40%
(B) 60%
(C) 70%
(D) Over 90%
13. : Which water management technique can improve agricultural efficiency?
(A) Drip irrigation
(B) Surface flooding
(C) Open channel irrigation
(D) Rain-fed only
14. : Which Pakistani city is most vulnerable to groundwater depletion?
(A) Karachi
(B) Islamabad
(C) Lahore
(D) Peshawar
15. : Which dam is proposed to solve long-term water storage issues in Pakistan?
(A) Mangla Dam
(B) Tarbela Dam
(C) Diamer-Bhasha Dam
(D) Kalabagh Dam
16. : What is the current major cause of declining water table in cities?
(A) Cloud seeding
(B) Heavy rainfall
(C) Excessive groundwater pumping
(D) Canal water excess
17. : The Pakistan Water Apportionment Accord was signed in which year?
(A) 1970
(B) 1980
(C) 1991
(D) 2000
18. : What is the main feature of the Water Apportionment Accord of 1991?
(A) Flood control
(B) Distribution of water among provinces
(C) River pollution
(D) Cross-border water sharing
19. : Which body monitors inter-provincial water distribution in Pakistan?
(A) WAPDA
(B) IRSA
(C) NEPRA
(D) SUPARCO
20. : What does IRSA stand for?
(A) International River Safety Authority
(B) Indus River System Authority
(C) Inland Reservoir Supply Agency
(D) Irrigation Regulation for South Asia
21. : Which of the following is a major cause of urban water wastage?
(A) Rainwater harvesting
(B) Leaking pipes and mismanagement
(C) Water storage tanks
(D) Water pricing
22. : What is rainwater harvesting?
(A) Harvesting crops with rain
(B) Collecting and storing rainwater
(C) Using rainwater for industry
(D) Preventing floods
23. : Which province in Pakistan receives the least rainfall?
(A) Punjab
(B) Sindh
(C) KPK
(D) Balochistan
24. : What is the major environmental impact of waterlogging?
(A) Earthquakes
(B) Crop productivity reduction
(C) Sand storms
(D) Glacial melting
25. : Waterlogging and salinity affect approximately what percentage of irrigated land in Pakistan?
(A) 10%
(B) 15%
(C) 25%
(D) 30%
26. : How can salinity be controlled in agricultural lands?
(A) Use of pesticides
(B) Improved drainage systems
(C) Flood irrigation
(D) Plastic mulching
27. : Which global day is observed to raise awareness on water issues?
(A) Earth Day
(B) World Water Day
(C) Environment Day
(D) River Day
28. : When is World Water Day observed annually?
(A) March 1
(B) March 10
(C) March 22
(D) April 7
29. : What is the major source of fresh water in Pakistan?
(A) Desalination
(B) Glacial melt
(C) Rainwater only
(D) Sea water
30. : Pakistan’s glaciers are located primarily in:
(A) Balochistan
(B) Sindh
(C) Gilgit-Baltistan
(D) Punjab
31. : Melting glaciers due to climate change will lead to:
(A) Desertification
(B) Urbanization
(C) Initial flooding then water shortage
(D) Industrial growth
32. : Which of the following is a man-made water reservoir?
(A) Manchar Lake
(B) Tarbela Dam
(C) Arabian Sea
(D) Attabad Lake
33. : What type of dam is Tarbela Dam?
(A) Concrete
(B) Arch
(C) Earth-fill
(D) Gravity
34. : How much of Pakistan’s population lacks access to clean drinking water (approx)?
(A) 10%
(B) 25%
(C) 40%
(D) Over 60%
35. : What is a major cause of water pollution in Pakistan?
(A) Solar energy
(B) Industrial waste
(C) Wheat farming
(D) Cold climate
36. : Desalination plants are used to:
(A) Produce food
(B) Convert sea water into drinking water
(C) Irrigate crops
(D) Drain saline soils
37. : Which sector is most affected by water crisis in Pakistan?
(A) Agriculture
(B) Education
(C) Transport
(D) Technology
38. : Which is a practical method of household water conservation?
(A) Leave taps running
(B) Water lawns daily
(C) Use low-flow fixtures
(D) Let leaks continue
39. : Which of the following is a non-conventional water source?
(A) Groundwater
(B) Canal water
(C) Rainwater harvesting
(D) River water
40. : What does the term “water footprint” refer to?
(A) Water used in construction
(B) Total freshwater used directly and indirectly
(C) Foot marks near rivers
(D) Water stored in dams
41. : Water pricing in Pakistan is generally considered:
(A) High
(B) Equitable
(C) Subsidized
(D) Unavailable
42. : Urban flood management is important due to:
(A) Road widening
(B) Population decline
(C) Climate change and poor drainage
(D) Better industries
43. : What is the objective of the National Water Policy (2018)?
(A) Exporting water
(B) Water for only urban use
(C) Integrated water resource management
(D) Replacing WAPDA
44. : Which Pakistani city faces the highest risk from water crisis?
(A) Lahore
(B) Islamabad
(C) Karachi
(D) Quetta
45. : What is the main component of climate-resilient water management?
(A) Deforestation
(B) Short-term planning
(C) Early warning systems
(D) Unplanned construction
46. : What role does forestry play in water conservation?
(A) None
(B) Increases evaporation
(C) Helps in water retention and reduces erosion
(D) Promotes desertification
47. : Which is a key suggestion to reduce water crisis in Pakistan?
(A) Waste more water
(B) Cut canal maintenance
(C) Build more water reservoirs
(D) Encourage water theft
48. : Which city has launched rainwater harvesting pilot projects recently?
(A) Lahore
(B) Gwadar
(C) Faisalabad
(D) Quetta
49. : Groundwater regulation requires:
(A) Random drilling
(B) Ignoring recharge zones
(C) Licensing and monitoring
(D) Rainfall only
50. : Public awareness campaigns for water conservation should be led by:
(A) Military
(B) Private factories
(C) Schools, media, and government
(D) None