VU Past Papers IT430 – E-Commerce-Current-Midterm-Subjective-Paper(8-12- 2011)

Paper #1 Answers

Benefits of HRIS
- Centralized employee data
- Faster payroll and reporting
- Better decision-making
- Reduces errors and manual work
- Improves employee management
Advantages of Waterfall Model
- Simple and easy to understand
- Phases are clearly defined
- Easy to manage due to documentation
- Works well for small projects with clear requirements
Difference between MRP & MRP II
- MRP: Material Requirements Planning, focuses on inventory and materials
- MRP II: Manufacturing Resource Planning, includes MRP plus labor, machines, and finance
Why use prototypes
- Helps gather user feedback early
- Helps visualize the system before full development
Types of Marketing Information System (MIS)
- Internal reports system
- Marketing research system
- Marketing intelligence system
- Decision support system
Difference between Systems & Procedures
- System: A set of interrelated components working together
- Procedure: Step-by-step instructions to perform a task
Two reasons to use Incremental Model
- Allows partial implementation and testing early
- Reduces risk and improves flexibility

Data-driven support system works
- Collects data, processes it, and provides reports or analysis to help in decision-making
Why we need system analyst
- To understand business needs
- To design and implement efficient systems
Strengths and weaknesses of Rational Man Model
- Strengths: Logical and structured decision-making
- Weaknesses: Assumes perfect knowledge and ignores human factors
Spiral Model
- Combines iterative development and risk analysis
- Good for large, complex projects
Basic issue of CRM
- Managing customer relationships effectively
- Improving customer satisfaction and loyalty
Why Intelligent Systems are developed
- To make decisions automatically
- To process large amounts of data quickly
- To reduce human errors
Duties of system analyst
- Gather requirements
- Design system architecture
- Coordinate between users and developers
- Test and implement the system

When to use Spiral Model
- Complex projects
- Projects with high risk or unclear requirements
New organizations and unstructured problems
- Likely to face unstructured problems due to lack of processes
- Need flexible systems to handle these problems
Documents showing software developed step by step
- Requirements document
- Design document
- Test cases
- User manual
Factors in Manufacturing Information System
- Inventory management
- Production planning
- Quality control
- Supply chain management
Logic system of an organization
- Rules and processes that guide operations and decision-making
“Investment in IT is costly and inflexible”
- IT projects need high initial investment
- Changing systems later can be expensive

Difference between open and closed systems
- Open system: interacts with external environment
- Closed system: operates independently without external input
Milestone of Waterfall Model
- Completion of each phase (requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment)
Phases of Decision-Making
- Identify problem
- Gather information
- Analyze alternatives
- Make decision
- Implement and evaluate
Drawbacks of Bureaucratic structure
- Slow decision-making
- Rigid and inflexible
Advantages & disadvantages of Waterfall Model
- Advantages: simple, well-structured, easy to manage
- Disadvantages: hard to accommodate changes, late testing
Phases of Spiral Model
- Planning
- Risk analysis
- Engineering/Development
- Evaluation
Recommendations for decision-making problems
- Use decision support systems
- Gather better data
- Apply structured decision-making methods

Two reasons to use Incremental Model
- Partial delivery allows early feedback
- Reduces project risk
Difference between Database and Data Warehouse
- Database: stores current operational data
- Data Warehouse: stores historical data for analysis
Difference between structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data
- Structured: organized, e.g., employee records
- Semi-structured: partly organized, e.g., XML files
- Unstructured: raw, e.g., emails, social media posts

Techniques used in Data Warehouse
- Data extraction
- Data transformation
- Data loading
- Data mining
ERD (Entity-Relationship Diagram)
- Visual representation of entities and their relationships in a system
Situations for Spiral Model
- Complex, high-risk projects with evolving requirements
Role of System Analysis
- Understand business needs
- Design efficient systems
- Reduce errors and improve productivity
MRP (Material Requirements Planning)
- Plan inventory and production schedules
Operational vs Behavioral Feasibility
- Operational: Can system be used effectively?
- Behavioral: Will people accept the system?
Problems in Open Loop System
- Cannot correct errors automatically
- No feedback mechanism

Example of Incremental Model
- Banking app: implement login, then account view, then transactions step by step
Data Integrity System
- Ensures accuracy and consistency of data
Why organizations need system development
- Improve efficiency
- Handle complex tasks
- Automate processes
Just-In-Time Approach
- Produces items only as needed
- Reduces inventory costs
Difference between CAD and CAM
- CAD: Design product digitally
- CAM: Manufacture product using computer control
Solving decision-making problems
- Use structured analysis
- Apply decision support tools
- Gather accurate data

Purpose of a Database
- Store, organize, and retrieve data efficiently
Data Mining for business
- Identify customer patterns
- Forecast demand
- Improve marketing and sales
Testing in integrated program
- Combine modules and test for correct interaction
TQM (Total Quality Management) & tools
- Continuous improvement in quality
- Tools: Pareto chart, cause-effect diagram, control charts
Techniques in Data Warehouse
- Extraction, transformation, loading, reporting, and mining
Open Loop vs Closed Loop System
- Open Loop: No feedback
- Closed Loop: Feedback controls system
Example of Incremental Model
- Building a website: start with homepage, then add product pages, then checkout