1. What is the primary purpose of vaccination?
(A) To cure diseases after infection
(B) To prevent infectious diseases by inducing immunity
(C) To monitor disease outbreaks
(D) To treat symptoms of diseases
2. Which type of immunity is provided directly by vaccination?
(A) Passive immunity
(B) Innate immunity
(C) Active immunity
(D) Natural immunity
3. Which vaccine type uses weakened forms of the pathogen?
(A) Inactivated vaccine
(B) Live attenuated vaccine
(C) Toxoid vaccine
(D) Subunit vaccine
4. Herd immunity occurs when:
(A) A large percentage of the population is immune, reducing disease spread
(B) Only vaccinated individuals are protected
(C) Everyone gets infected
(D) Only children are vaccinated
5. Which global organization leads efforts in vaccination and epidemic control?
(A) UNICEF
(B) IMF
(C) WTO
(D) WHO
6. The eradication of which disease is a major success of vaccination?
(A) Polio
(B) Smallpox
(C) Measles
(D) Influenza
7. What is a common adverse effect of vaccines?
(A) Severe infection
(B) Permanent immunity loss
(C) Mild fever and soreness at injection site
(D) Allergic shock in all recipients
8. Which vaccine is recommended annually due to frequent virus mutations?
(A) Measles vaccine
(B) Influenza vaccine
(C) Polio vaccine
(D) Hepatitis B vaccine
9. What is a “booster” dose in vaccination?
(A) A first dose of vaccine
(B) A vaccine for newborns
(C) A dose that cures infection
(D) A dose given to maintain or enhance immunity
10. What term describes a sudden increase in cases of an infectious disease in a community?
(A) Endemic
(B) Epidemic
(C) Pandemic
(D) Outbreak
11. Which disease was declared eradicated globally in 1980?
(A) Polio
(B) Measles
(C) Smallpox
(D) Tuberculosis
12. Which vaccine type contains only parts of the pathogen (e.g., proteins)?
(A) Live attenuated vaccine
(B) Subunit vaccine
(C) Toxoid vaccine
(D) Whole-cell vaccine
13. Vaccines that contain inactivated toxins are called:
(A) Toxoid vaccines
(B) Live vaccines
(C) DNA vaccines
(D) Conjugate vaccines
14. Which disease is targeted by the oral polio vaccine?
(A) Tuberculosis
(B) Polio
(C) Measles
(D) Influenza
15. The “cold chain” in vaccination refers to:
(A) Maintaining vaccines at low temperatures during storage and transport
(B) Cooling patients after vaccination
(C) Freezing vaccines permanently
(D) Removing heat from infected areas
16. Which age group is most vulnerable to epidemics without vaccination?
(A) Adults
(B) Elderly
(C) Children
(D) Teenagers
17. Which of the following is a common method for epidemic control?
(A) Quarantine and isolation
(B) Increased social gatherings
(C) Ignoring symptoms
(D) Delaying vaccination
18. Which vaccine is given to prevent tuberculosis?
(A) DTP vaccine
(B) MMR vaccine
(C) Hepatitis B vaccine
(D) BCG vaccine
19. The term “pandemic” means:
(A) A disease limited to a small community
(B) Worldwide spread of a disease
(C) Disease limited to animals
(D) Disease caused by bacteria only
20. Which of the following is NOT a mode of disease transmission?
(A) Airborne
(B) Vector-borne
(C) Vaccination
(D) Direct contact
21. Which of these diseases is controlled through the MMR vaccine?
(A) Measles, mumps, and rubella
(B) Malaria, meningitis, and rabies
(C) Meningitis, measles, and rotavirus
(D) Mumps, malaria, and rabies
22. What does R0 (basic reproduction number) indicate in epidemics?
(A) Number of vaccine doses needed
(B) Average number of secondary cases from one infected individual
(C) Number of deaths
(D) Recovery rate
23. Which vaccination strategy can help protect those who cannot be vaccinated?
(A) Mass vaccination to achieve herd immunity
(B) Only vaccinating symptomatic individuals
(C) Vaccinating only the elderly
(D) No vaccination
24. What is the primary benefit of vaccination during an epidemic?
(A) Killing the pathogen directly
(B) Treating infected patients
(C) Slowing the spread of disease
(D) Curing symptoms immediately
25. What is the main function of an adjuvant in vaccines?
(A) To preserve the vaccine
(B) To enhance the immune response
(C) To kill pathogens
(D) To cause mild illness
26. Which disease is prevented by the DTP vaccine?
(A) Diphtheria, tuberculosis, and pneumonia
(B) Diabetes, tuberculosis, and polio
(C) Dengue, typhoid, and pneumonia
(D) Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
27. Vaccines that use genetic material from the pathogen are called:
(A) Live attenuated vaccines
(B) DNA or mRNA vaccines
(C) Toxoid vaccines
(D) Inactivated vaccines
28. Which of the following is a passive immunity source?
(A) Vaccination
(B) Injection of antibodies
(C) Infection with pathogen
(D) Exposure to sunlight
29. Contact tracing helps control epidemics by:
(A) Identifying and isolating contacts of infected individuals
(B) Vaccinating all contacts
(C) Treating all contacts with antibiotics
(D) Ignoring contacts
30. Which of the following is a major challenge to vaccination programs?
(A) Vaccine hesitancy and misinformation
(B) Easy access to vaccines
(C) High vaccine efficacy
(D) Government support
31. Which vaccine prevents cervical cancer caused by HPV?
(A) BCG vaccine
(B) HPV vaccine
(C) Influenza vaccine
(D) Polio vaccine
32. Which is NOT a direct benefit of vaccination?
(A) Individual immunity
(B) Eradication of diseases
(C) Cure of existing infections
(D) Protection of community
33. The vaccine cold chain is important because:
(A) Vaccines degrade if not kept cold
(B) Vaccines work better if heated
(C) Vaccines need to be frozen solid
(D) Vaccines are unaffected by temperature
34. Which type of vaccine can sometimes cause mild symptoms of the disease?
(A) Live attenuated vaccine
(B) Inactivated vaccine
(C) Toxoid vaccine
(D) Subunit vaccine
35. What is a quarantine?
(A) Ignoring infected people
(B) Vaccinating everyone
(C) Treating all patients
(D) Separating healthy individuals from the sick to prevent spread
36. Which of the following is NOT a vaccine-preventable disease?
(A) Measles
(B) Tuberculosis
(C) Diabetes
(D) Polio
37. What role do antibiotics play in epidemic control?
(A) Treat bacterial infections but not viral infections
(B) Prevent viral infections
(C) Cure all diseases
(D) Prevent all infections
38. Which vaccination is typically given at birth in many countries?
(A) BCG vaccine
(B) Influenza vaccine
(C) MMR vaccine
(D) Hepatitis A vaccine
39. The World Immunization Week is celebrated in which month?
(A) July
(B) April
(C) October
(D) December
40. Which organization is responsible for the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)?
(A) NATO
(B) IMF
(C) WHO
(D) UNESCO
41. What is the difference between endemic and epidemic?
(A) Endemic is constant presence; epidemic is sudden outbreak
(B) Endemic is worldwide; epidemic is local
(C) Endemic is viral; epidemic is bacterial
(D) There is no difference
42. Which of the following is NOT a typical step in epidemic control?
(A) Vaccination
(B) Quarantine
(C) Public awareness campaigns
(D) Ignoring symptoms
43. The first vaccine was developed by:
(A) Jonas Salk
(B) Louis Pasteur
(C) Edward Jenner
(D) Robert Koch
44. Which vaccine is used to prevent hepatitis B?
(A) MMR vaccine
(B) HepA vaccine
(C) Influenza vaccine
(D) HepB vaccine
45. What is the purpose of an epidemic surveillance system?
(A) Monitor and detect disease outbreaks early
(B) Cure diseases
(C) Vaccinate all people immediately
(D) Replace vaccination
46. Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes and is a target for epidemic control?
(A) Tuberculosis
(B) Malaria
(C) Polio
(D) Measles
47. Which vaccine type is safest for immunocompromised individuals?
(A) Inactivated vaccine
(B) Live attenuated vaccine
(C) Oral polio vaccine
(D) Nasal spray vaccine
48. Vaccine efficacy refers to:
(A) Cost of vaccine
(B) Side effects of the vaccine
(C) Ability of vaccine to prevent disease under controlled conditions
(D) Number of doses needed
49. Which vaccine is given to protect against whooping cough?
(A) Pertussis vaccine (part of DTP)
(B) Hepatitis B vaccine
(C) Polio vaccine
(D) Influenza vaccine
50. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in:
(A) 1970
(B) 1950
(C) 2000
(D) 1988