1. : The concept of “sustainable development” was first popularized by which report?
(A) Kyoto Protocol
(B) Brundtland Report
(C) Rio Summit
(D) Montreal Protocol
2. : Sustainable development is defined as development that:
(A) Focuses only on economic growth
(B) Meets the needs of the present without compromising future generations
(C) Preserves natural resources only
(D) Avoids use of technology
3. : Which of the following is a key pillar of sustainable development?
(A) Political stability
(B) Economic, social, and environmental sustainability
(C) Only economic growth
(D) Only biodiversity conservation
4. : Agenda 21 was adopted at which summit?
(A) Rio Earth Summit 1992
(B) Kyoto Protocol 1997
(C) Paris Agreement 2015
(D) Stockholm Conference 1972
5. : Which of the following is NOT a principle of sustainable development?
(A) Precautionary principle
(B) Polluter pays principle
(C) Overexploitation of resources
(D) Intergenerational equity
6. : The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the UN in:
(A) 2000
(B) 2015
(C) 1992
(D) 1972
7. : How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are there?
(A) 12
(B) 15
(C) 17
(D) 20
8. : The time frame for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is:
(A) 2015–2020
(B) 2015–2030
(C) 2000–2015
(D) 2020–2050
9. : Goal 13 of the SDGs is related to:
(A) Gender equality
(B) Climate action
(C) Zero hunger
(D) Clean water and sanitation
10. : The principle of intergenerational equity means:
(A) Older generations must consume maximum resources
(B) Current generations must use resources responsibly for future generations
(C) Each generation should ignore the future
(D) Resources must not be used at all
11. : Which SDG focuses on “Affordable and Clean Energy”?
(A) SDG 5
(B) SDG 7
(C) SDG 9
(D) SDG 11
12. : The triple bottom line of sustainability refers to:
(A) Population, pollution, and poverty
(B) People, planet, and profit
(C) Energy, water, and biodiversity
(D) Technology, economy, and trade
13. : “Decent Work and Economic Growth” is covered under which SDG?
(A) SDG 3
(B) SDG 5
(C) SDG 8
(D) SDG 12
14. : Which of the following international agreements is directly linked with sustainable climate action?
(A) Kyoto Protocol
(B) Paris Agreement
(C) Montreal Protocol
(D) All of the above
15. : Which of the following is an example of renewable energy?
(A) Coal
(B) Natural gas
(C) Solar energy
(D) Petroleum
16. : The idea of “common but differentiated responsibilities” (CBDR) was first adopted in:
(A) Kyoto Protocol
(B) Montreal Protocol
(C) Rio Earth Summit 1992
(D) Paris Agreement
17. : SDG 15 is related to:
(A) Life on land
(B) Life below water
(C) Industry, innovation, and infrastructure
(D) Climate action
18. : Circular economy in sustainable development emphasizes:
(A) Linear consumption of resources
(B) Recycling, reusing, and reducing waste
(C) Maximizing fossil fuel use
(D) Ignoring waste management
19. : Which SDG aims to “End poverty in all its forms everywhere”?
(A) SDG 1
(B) SDG 2
(C) SDG 3
(D) SDG 4
20. : Which of the following is considered a non-renewable resource?
(A) Wind
(B) Water
(C) Oil
(D) Solar energy
21. : The principle “Think globally, act locally” is central to:
(A) Population control
(B) Sustainable development
(C) Globalization only
(D) Industrialization
22. : Which of the following SDGs focuses on “Quality Education”?
(A) SDG 2
(B) SDG 3
(C) SDG 4
(D) SDG 6
23. : Which of the following sectors is MOST critical for achieving sustainable development?
(A) Environment only
(B) Economy only
(C) Education, energy, and health
(D) None of the above
24. : The principle of “polluter pays” is applied in sustainable development to:
(A) Fine industries for environmental damage
(B) Reward industries for clean technology
(C) Reduce poverty
(D) Increase employment
25. : A major challenge in implementing sustainable development is:
(A) Climate change and overpopulation
(B) Excessive forest cover
(C) Low industrialization
(D) Lack of natural resources