1. What is meant by settlement of foundation?
(A) Lateral movement of soil
(B) Rotation of structure
(C) Upward heaving of soil
(D) Downward movement of foundation due to load
2. Which type of settlement occurs immediately after loading?
(A) Immediate settlement
(B) Consolidation settlement
(C) Secondary settlement
(D) Plastic settlement
3. Which soil type shows consolidation settlement predominantly?
(A) Sand
(B) Clay
(C) Gravel
(D) Rock
4. In which soil is immediate settlement more prominent?
(A) Clay
(B) Silt
(C) Sand
(D) Loam
5. Which settlement occurs over a long period due to expulsion of water from pores?
(A) Immediate settlement
(B) Consolidation settlement
(C) Secondary settlement
(D) Elastic settlement
6. Which settlement occurs after completion of primary consolidation?
(A) Differential settlement
(B) Elastic settlement
(C) Sudden settlement
(D) Secondary settlement
7. Which parameter mainly influences immediate settlement?
(A) Cohesion
(B) Elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of soil
(C) Permeability
(D) Water content
8. Which factor primarily governs consolidation settlement?
(A) Compressibility of soil
(B) Strength of soil
(C) Density of soil
(D) Cohesion
9. The total settlement is the sum of:
(A) Immediate + Differential
(B) Immediate + Consolidation + Secondary
(C) Elastic + Plastic
(D) Uniform + Non-uniform
10. What is differential settlement?
(A) Lateral movement of foundation
(B) Uniform settlement of entire structure
(C) Unequal settlement between different parts of a structure
(D) Settlement due to vibration
11. Which of the following can reduce settlement?
(A) Increasing load
(B) Increasing water content
(C) Soil stabilization
(D) Reducing footing area
12. The main cause of differential settlement is:
(A) Unequal loading or non-uniform soil
(B) Constant temperature
(C) Use of deep foundation
(D) Proper compaction
13. Immediate settlement in cohesive soil can be reduced by:
(A) Increasing footing size
(B) Allowing consolidation before loading
(C) Decreasing load
(D) Using stiffer soil
14. Which test gives data to estimate consolidation settlement?
(A) Direct shear test
(B) Unconfined compression test
(C) Triaxial test
(D) Oedometer test
15. Which coefficient is used in consolidation settlement analysis?
(A) Coefficient of permeability
(B) Coefficient of volume compressibility
(C) Coefficient of curvature
(D) Coefficient of uniformity
16. The compression index (Cc) is used for:
(A) Calculating immediate settlement
(B) Calculating shear strength
(C) Calculating consolidation settlement
(D) Calculating permeability
17. The settlement in sand is mostly:
(A) Elastic
(B) Plastic
(C) Consolidation
(D) Secondary
18. Which of the following soils shows negligible consolidation settlement?
(A) Clay
(B) Sand
(C) Peat
(D) Silt
19. Which of the following is a long-term settlement?
(A) Elastic
(B) Differential
(C) Immediate
(D) Consolidation
20. The allowable settlement of a raft foundation on clay is about:
(A) 25 mm
(B) 50 mm
(C) 75 mm
(D) 100 mm
21. The settlement ratio (Δ/L) should generally not exceed:
(A) 1/100
(B) 1/250
(C) 1/500
(D) 1/1000
22. The immediate settlement depends mainly on:
(A) Modulus of elasticity of soil
(B) Void ratio
(C) Water content
(D) Degree of saturation
23. Which factor does not influence consolidation settlement?
(A) Load intensity
(B) Drainage path length
(C) Time factor
(D) Shape of footing
24. The settlement analysis is essential to prevent:
(A) Excessive tilt and structural cracks
(B) Overdesign
(C) Bearing capacity failure
(D) Water table rise
25. Which is the most accurate method for estimating settlement in clay?
(A) Skempton’s empirical method
(B) Oedometer test results
(C) Field plate load test
(D) Standard penetration test
26. Consolidation settlement occurs mainly due to:
(A) Expulsion of air
(B) Absorption of moisture
(C) Expulsion of water
(D) Decrease in dry density
27. The time factor (Tv) is used in:
(A) Immediate settlement
(B) Rate of consolidation
(C) Bearing capacity
(D) Compaction test
28. The settlement of a footing on clay increases with:
(A) Decrease in load
(B) Increase in compression index
(C) Decrease in initial void ratio
(D) Decrease in layer thickness
29. Which type of foundation minimizes differential settlement?
(A) Isolated footing
(B) Combined footing
(C) Raft foundation
(D) Pile foundation
30. Excessive settlement can lead to:
(A) Structural cracks and instability
(B) Soil improvement
(C) Increase in bearing capacity
(D) Reduction in groundwater