1. Proteomics is the study of:
(A) DNA sequences
(B) The complete set of proteins in a cell or organism
(C) RNA molecules
(D) Metabolic pathways
2. The term “proteome” refers to:
(A) All proteins expressed in a cell, tissue, or organism
(B) RNA transcripts
(C) DNA in a genome
(D) Protein-coding genes
3. The central dogma of molecular biology links:
(A) DNA → Protein → RNA
(B) RNA → DNA → Protein
(C) Protein → RNA → DNA
(D) DNA → RNA → Protein
4. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) include:
(A) DNA methylation
(B) RNA splicing
(C) Phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination
(D) Chromosome condensation
5. Which technique is widely used for protein separation based on isoelectric point and size?
(A) PCR
(B) DNA sequencing
(C) Western blot
(D) 2D gel electrophoresis
6. Mass spectrometry in proteomics is used for:
(A) DNA sequencing
(B) Protein identification and quantification
(C) RNA splicing
(D) Chromosome analysis
7. Protein microarrays are primarily used for:
(A) DNA sequencing
(B) Chromosome mapping
(C) RNA transcription
(D) Analyzing protein-protein interactions and expression
8. Quantitative proteomics helps in:
(A) Counting genes
(B) Measuring protein abundance
(C) Identifying RNA sequences
(D) Chromosome staining
9. Shotgun proteomics involves:
(A) Digestion of proteins into peptides followed by mass spectrometry
(B) Analyzing intact proteins only
(C) RNA sequencing
(D) Protein folding studies
10. Label-free quantification in proteomics is used to:
(A) Identify proteins only
(B) Sequence DNA
(C) Quantify protein abundance without isotopic labels
(D) Study RNA expression
11. SILAC in proteomics stands for:
(A) Sequence Identification of Labeled Amino acids
(B) Single Isotope Labeling for Amino acids in Cytoplasm
(C) Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture
(D) Standard Isotope Labeling for Antibodies
12. Protein-protein interaction networks are studied using:
(A) DNA microarray
(B) PCR
(C) Yeast two-hybrid system
(D) Gel electrophoresis
13. Western blotting is used to:
(A) Detect specific DNA sequences
(B) Identify metabolites
(C) Sequence RNA
(D) Detect specific proteins
14. Proteomics data is often stored in:
(A) UniProt
(B) GenBank
(C) EMBL
(D) PDB
15. Functional proteomics focuses on:
(A) Protein sequences
(B) Protein expression, interactions, and activity
(C) DNA replication
(D) RNA transcription
16. Structural proteomics aims to:
(A) Analyze metabolites
(B) Measure RNA levels
(C) Determine protein 3D structures
(D) Identify DNA mutations
17. The proteome changes with:
(A) Cell type
(B) Developmental stage
(C) Environmental conditions
(D) All of the above
18. Top-down proteomics analyzes:
(A) RNA molecules
(B) Peptides after enzymatic digestion
(C) DNA fragments
(D) Proteins as intact molecules
19. Bottom-up proteomics analyzes:
(A) Peptides generated from protein digestion
(B) Proteins as intact molecules
(C) Chromosomes
(D) RNA transcripts
20. Protein isoforms arise due to:
(A) Gene duplication only
(B) Chromosome segregation
(C) Alternative splicing and post-translational modifications
(D) RNA degradation
21. Phosphoproteomics studies:
(A) Glycosylated proteins
(B) Methylated proteins
(C) Ubiquitinated proteins
(D) Phosphorylated proteins
22. Glycoproteomics focuses on:
(A) Proteins with sugar modifications
(B) Proteins with phosphate groups
(C) Protein folding
(D) DNA-binding proteins
23. Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway regulates:
(A) Protein synthesis
(B) RNA transcription
(C) DNA replication
(D) Protein degradation
24. Proteogenomics integrates:
(A) Genomics and transcriptomics only
(B) DNA methylation and protein folding
(C) RNA and protein sequences
(D) Proteomics and genomics to annotate genes
25. Protein domains are:
(A) Functional and structural units within a protein
(B) DNA segments
(C) RNA sequences
(D) Metabolic pathways
26. Post-translational modifications can affect:
(A) Protein stability
(B) Activity
(C) All of the above
(D) Localization
27. Two-dimensional electrophoresis separates proteins by:
(A) Mass only
(B) Isoelectric point and molecular weight
(C) Charge only
(D) DNA sequence
28. LC-MS/MS stands for:
(A) Liquid cytology-tandem sequencing
(B) Light chromatography-mass sequencing
(C) Labeled cytometry-mass spectrometry
(D) Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
29. Protein-protein interactions are critical for:
(A) Cell signaling
(B) All of the above
(C) Gene regulation
(D) Metabolism
30. The Human Proteome Project aims to:
(A) Sequence all human DNA
(B) Identify all human proteins and their functions
(C) Study human RNA only
(D) Map human metabolites
31. Label-based quantitative proteomics includes:
(A) All of the above
(B) iTRAQ
(C) TMT
(D) SILAC
32. Protein mass is often measured in:
(A) Centimeters (cm)
(B) Grams (g)
(C) Nucleotides (nt)
(D) Daltons (Da)
33. Affinity chromatography separates proteins based on:
(A) Specific binding to a ligand
(B) Charge
(C) Size
(D) Hydrophobicity
34. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography separates proteins based on:
(A) Size
(B) DNA-binding ability
(C) Charge
(D) Hydrophobicity
35. Protein folding is assisted by:
(A) Ribosomes
(B) RNA polymerase
(C) DNA polymerase
(D) Chaperones
36. Protein-protein interaction networks are also called:
(A) Metabolomes
(B) Genomes
(C) Transcriptomes
(D) Interactomes
37. Structural determination of proteins uses:
(A) Microarrays
(B) Mass spectrometry only
(C) PCR
(D) X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy
38. Post-translational phosphorylation occurs on:
(A) Lysine residues only
(B) DNA-binding domains
(C) Cysteine only
(D) Serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues
39. Proteomic biomarkers are used in:
(A) All of the above
(B) Drug development
(C) Monitoring treatment response
(D) Disease diagnosis
40. The study of protein localization within cells is called:
(A) Functional proteomics
(B) Structural proteomics
(C) Spatial proteomics
(D) Metabolomics
41. iTRAQ stands for:
(A) Isotopic Transcription Analysis Quantification
(B) Identification Tags for RNA and Quantification
(C) Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification
(D) Integrated Tandem RNA Quantification
42. Phosphoproteomics can help study:
(A) RNA splicing
(B) Protein degradation
(C) DNA replication
(D) Signaling pathways
43. Proteomics complements genomics by:
(A) Analyzing chromosomes
(B) Sequencing DNA
(C) Measuring RNA only
(D) Identifying expressed proteins and their functions
44. Ubiquitination tags proteins for:
(A) Activation
(B) Membrane transport
(C) Folding
(D) Degradation by proteasome
45. Shotgun proteomics is also called:
(A) Top-down proteomics
(B) Bottom-up proteomics
(C) Targeted proteomics
(D) Structural proteomics
46. Protein quantification can be performed using:
(A) Bradford assay
(B) BCA assay
(C) All of the above
(D) Mass spectrometry
47. Native PAGE separates proteins based on:
(A) Denatured size
(B) Native charge and size
(C) Isoelectric point only
(D) DNA binding
48. Denaturing PAGE separates proteins based on:
(A) Primary sequence
(B) Isoelectric point
(C) Size (molecular weight)
(D) Function
49. Proteomics plays a crucial role in:
(A) Systems biology
(B) All of the above
(C) Drug discovery
(D) Medicine
50. Protein interaction databases include:
(A) UniProt
(B) STRING
(C) PDB
(D) NCBI GenBank