1. . SQL stands for:
(A) Standard Query Link
(B) Structured Query Language
(C) Simple Query Language
(D) System Query Logic
2. . Which SQL command is used to retrieve data from a database?
(A) UPDATE
(B) INSERT
(C) SELECT
(D) DELETE
3. . To add a new row in a table, which SQL command is used?
(A) DELETE
(B) SELECT
(C) UPDATE
(D) INSERT INTO
4. . Which SQL command is used to modify existing data in a table?
(A) SELECT
(B) UPDATE
(C) INSERT
(D) DELETE
5. . To remove rows from a table, which SQL command is used?
(A) TRUNCATE
(B) DROP
(C) DELETE
(D) UPDATE
6. . The SQL command to permanently remove a table is:
(A) TRUNCATE TABLE
(B) DELETE TABLE
(C) DROP TABLE
(D) REMOVE TABLE
7. . TRUNCATE TABLE is used to:
(A) Modify table structure
(B) Delete a table permanently
(C) Remove a column
(D) Remove all rows from a table without logging individual row deletions
8. . Which clause is used in SQL to filter records based on a condition?
(A) FROM
(B) WHERE
(C) ORDER BY
(D) GROUP BY
9. . The ORDER BY clause is used to:
(A) Delete records
(B) Filter records
(C) Group records
(D) Sort the result set in ascending or descending order
10. . GROUP BY in SQL is used to:
(A) Sort data
(B) Arrange identical data into groups
(C) Filter data
(D) Delete groups
11. . HAVING clause in SQL is used to:
(A) Filter individual rows
(B) Filter records after aggregation
(C) Sort data
(D) Delete data
12. . The SQL keyword DISTINCT is used to:
(A) Group rows
(B) Count rows
(C) Return only unique values
(D) Sort data
13. . Which SQL function returns the number of rows?
(A) AVG()
(B) SUM()
(C) COUNT()
(D) MAX()
14. . Which SQL function returns the highest value in a column?
(A) COUNT()
(B) MIN()
(C) MAX()
(D) AVG()
15. . Which SQL function returns the average of a column?
(A) COUNT()
(B) SUM()
(C) AVG()
(D) MAX()
16. . To combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column, which SQL clause is used?
(A) JOIN
(B) UNION
(C) GROUP BY
(D) ORDER BY
17. . INNER JOIN returns:
(A) All rows from the left table
(B) Only matching rows from both tables
(C) All rows from the right table
(D) All rows from both tables
18. . LEFT JOIN returns:
(A) None of the above
(B) Only matching rows
(C) Only right table rows
(D) All rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table
19. . UNION in SQL is used to:
(A) Sort results
(B) Combine queries and keep duplicates
(C) Combine result sets of two queries and remove duplicates
(D) Filter data
20. . The main purpose of SQL is to:
(A) Compress tables
(B) Store, manipulate, and retrieve data from relational databases
(C) Encrypt files
(D) Delete old records automatically