1. . A Data Model is:
(A) A backup of data
(B) A conceptual representation of data, relationships, and constraints in a database
(C) A compressed file
(D) A hardware device
2. . Which of the following is a type of data model?
(A) HTTP, FTP, SMTP
(B) Linear, Circular, Triangular
(C) Hierarchical, Network, Relational, Entity-Relationship, Object-oriented
(D) Binary, Decimal, Hexadecimal
3. . In a Hierarchical Data Model:
(A) Files are compressed
(B) Data is stored in tables only
(C) Data is encrypted
(D) Data is organized in a tree-like structure with parent-child relationships
4. . In a Network Data Model:
(A) Data is only in tables
(B) Data is represented using nodes and relationships as a graph
(C) Data is compressed
(D) Data is encrypted
5. . Relational Data Model stores data in:
(A) Files only
(B) Hierarchical trees
(C) Graphs
(D) Tables with rows (tuples) and columns (attributes)
6. . Primary key in relational model ensures:
(A) Compression of data
(B) Encryption of a table
(C) Uniqueness of each record in a table
(D) Deletion of old records
7. . Foreign key is used to:
(A) Establish a relationship between two tables
(B) Encrypt data
(C) Compress logs
(D) Delete files
8. . Entity-Relationship (ER) model is used for:
(A) Deleting data
(B) Compressing tables
(C) Encrypting tables
(D) Designing database schema and representing entities and their relationships
9. . In ER Model, a relationship represents:
(A) A backup of data
(B) Association between two or more entities
(C) Compressed files
(D) Encrypted tables
10. . Attributes in a data model describe:
(A) Backup files
(B) Properties or characteristics of an entity
(C) Compressed data
(D) Encrypted files
11. . Object-oriented data models combine:
(A) Only encrypted data
(B) Only tables
(C) Only files
(D) Data and behavior (methods) in a single structure called an object
12. . Semantic data models focus on:
(A) Deleting old files
(B) Compressing data
(C) Encrypting tables
(D) Capturing meaning, rules, and constraints of data for better understanding
13. . Key constraints in data models ensure:
(A) Compression of data
(B) Uniqueness and identification of data
(C) Encryption of files
(D) Deletion of old logs
14. . Integrity constraints in data models maintain:
(A) Backup files only
(B) Accuracy and consistency of data
(C) Compressed files
(D) CPU performance
15. . A weak entity in ER model:
(A) Can exist independently
(B) Is encrypted
(C) Is compressed
(D) Cannot exist without a strong (owner) entity
16. . A strong entity has:
(A) A primary key and exists independently
(B) Only foreign keys
(C) Compressed attributes
(D) Encrypted data
17. . Cardinality in ER model represents:
(A) Compression ratio
(B) Number of tables
(C) Number of instances of one entity associated with another entity
(D) Encryption level
18. . Aggregation in ER modeling is used to:
(A) Compress tables
(B) Treat a relationship as a higher-level entity
(C) Encrypt files
(D) Delete redundant data
19. . Data abstraction in data models provides:
(A) Only encrypted files
(B) A simplified view of data hiding internal details
(C) Compressed tables
(D) Automatic deletion
20. . The main purpose of Data Models is to:
(A) Increase CPU speed only
(B) Compress data
(C) Delete old files
(D) Provide a clear and structured way to store, manage, and retrieve data efficiently