1. . Concurrency in operating systems refers to:
(A) Execution of one process at a time
(B) Execution of multiple processes at the same time
(C) Execution of only system programs
(D) Execution of only user programs
2. . Synchronization is required to:
(A) Manage files
(B) Manage memory
(C) Control hardware
(D) Coordinate access to shared resources
3. . A situation where two or more processes access shared data simultaneously causing errors is called:
(A) Deadlock
(B) Race condition
(C) Starvation
(D) Scheduling
4. . The section of code where shared resources are accessed is called:
(A) Ready section
(B) Waiting section
(C) Critical section
(D) Exit section
5. . The problem of ensuring that only one process executes in the critical section at a time is called:
(A) Starvation
(B) Deadlock
(C) Mutual exclusion
(D) Scheduling
6. . Which mechanism is commonly used for process synchronization?
(A) Loader
(B) Compiler
(C) Semaphore
(D) Assembler
7. . A semaphore is:
(A) A hardware device
(B) A type of file
(C) A synchronization tool used to control access to resources
(D) A scheduling algorithm
8. . Which of the following operations are used with semaphores?
(A) Start and Stop
(B) Wait and Signal
(C) Read and Write
(D) Add and Delete
9. . Binary semaphore is also known as:
(A) Compiler
(B) Scheduler
(C) Loader
(D) Mutex
10. . Deadlock occurs when:
(A) Processes wait indefinitely for resources
(B) CPU stops working
(C) Files are deleted
(D) Memory is empty
11. . Which of the following is a condition for deadlock?
(A) Mutual exclusion
(B) All of the above
(C) Circular wait
(D) Hold and wait
12. . Starvation occurs when:
(A) A process never gets CPU or resources
(B) CPU runs fast
(C) Memory is full
(D) Processes finish quickly
13. . The main purpose of synchronization is to:
(A) Increase memory size
(B) Increase CPU speed
(C) Delete processes
(D) Prevent race conditions
14. . A mutex is used to:
(A) Allow multiple processes in the critical section
(B) Manage files
(C) Stop CPU scheduling
(D) Allow only one process in the critical section
15. . Concurrency improves:
(A) System performance
(B) Resource utilization
(C) All of the above
(D) Program efficiency
16. . The problem where processes wait forever for resources is called:
(A) Scheduling
(B) Deadlock
(C) Paging
(D) Multiprocessing
17. . Which of the following helps avoid race conditions?
(A) Device drivers
(B) File systems
(C) Synchronization mechanisms
(D) Compilers
18. . Which concept ensures that processes execute without interfering with each other?
(A) Compilation
(B) Synchronization
(C) Loading
(D) Editing
19. . A circular wait condition occurs when:
(A) Processes wait in a circular chain for resources
(B) CPU runs in a loop
(C) Memory is full
(D) Files are locked
20. . The main goal of concurrency control is to:
(A) Ensure correct execution of processes
(B) Manage files
(C) Increase monitor size
(D) Delete programs