1. Medical biology primarily deals with:
(A) Environmental conservation
(B) Animal reproduction
(C) Plant physiology
(D) Study of human health and disease
2. The basic structural and functional unit of the human body is:
(A) Tissue
(B) Cell
(C) Organ
(D) Organ system
3. Hematology is the study of:
(A) Blood and its disorders
(B) Hormones
(C) Nervous system
(D) Muscles
4. Leukemia is a disease of:
(A) White blood cells
(B) Red blood cells
(C) Platelets
(D) Bone marrow only
5. Anemia is characterized by:
(A) Excessive platelets
(B) High white blood cell count
(C) Low red blood cell count or hemoglobin
(D) Low plasma
6. Thrombocytopenia is a disorder of:
(A) Plasma
(B) White blood cells
(C) Red blood cells
(D) Platelets
7. Immunology studies:
(A) Circulatory system only
(B) Digestive system only
(C) Immune system and defense mechanisms
(D) Muscular system only
8. The primary immune response is triggered by:
(A) Hormone secretion
(B) Second exposure to an antigen
(C) Vaccination only
(D) First exposure to an antigen
9. Antibodies are produced by:
(A) Red blood cells
(B) T lymphocytes
(C) B lymphocytes
(D) Platelets
10. T lymphocytes are involved in:
(A) Blood clotting
(B) Antibody production
(C) Oxygen transport
(D) Cell-mediated immunity
11. Autoimmune diseases occur when:
(A) Oxygen transport is impaired
(B) Immune system fails to develop
(C) Blood clots form excessively
(D) Immune system attacks the body’s own cells
12. Example of an autoimmune disease is:
(A) Type 1 diabetes
(B) Influenza
(C) Tuberculosis
(D) Malaria
13. Virology is the study of:
(A) Parasites
(B) Bacteria
(C) Fungi
(D) Viruses
14. The virus responsible for AIDS is:
(A) Rabies virus
(B) Hepatitis B virus
(C) Influenza virus
(D) HIV
15. Bacteriology is the study of:
(A) Fungi
(B) Viruses
(C) Bacteria
(D) Parasites
16. Antibiotics are effective against:
(A) Fungi
(B) Viruses
(C) Bacteria
(D) Parasites
17. Antivirals are used to treat:
(A) Bacterial infections
(B) Viral infections
(C) Fungal infections
(D) Parasitic infections
18. Mycology is the study of:
(A) Viruses
(B) Bacteria
(C) Fungi
(D) Parasites
19. Dermatology deals with:
(A) Brain and nerves
(B) Heart and vessels
(C) Skin and its disorders
(D) Bones
20. Cardiovascular diseases include:
(A) Malaria
(B) Diabetes only
(C) Tuberculosis
(D) Hypertension, heart attack, stroke
21. Hypertension is defined as:
(A) Heart failure
(B) Low blood pressure
(C) High blood pressure
(D) Irregular heartbeat
22. Endocrinology studies:
(A) Bones
(B) Muscles
(C) Hormones and endocrine glands
(D) Skin
23. Diabetes mellitus is caused by:
(A) Insufficient insulin or insulin resistance
(B) Excess red blood cells
(C) Immune deficiency
(D) Platelet dysfunction
24. Neurology studies:
(A) Endocrine glands only
(B) Blood only
(C) Muscles only
(D) Nervous system
25. Alzheimer’s disease affects:
(A) Brain and memory
(B) Heart
(C) Liver
(D) Kidneys
26. Parkinson’s disease is caused by:
(A) Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons
(B) High blood sugar
(C) Bacterial infection
(D) Excess platelets
27. Pulmonology studies:
(A) Lungs and respiratory system
(B) Heart only
(C) Kidneys only
(D) Liver only
28. Asthma is characterized by:
(A) Airway inflammation and obstruction
(B) Low blood sugar
(C) Heart failure
(D) Liver disease
29. Gastroenterology studies:
(A) Digestive system
(B) Respiratory system
(C) Nervous system
(D) Muscular system
30. Peptic ulcer affects:
(A) Liver
(B) Stomach or duodenum
(C) Pancreas
(D) Gallbladder
31. Nephrology studies:
(A) Liver
(B) Heart
(C) Kidneys and urinary system
(D) Lungs
32. Renal failure results in:
(A) Accumulation of waste in blood
(B) Low blood sugar
(C) Low oxygen transport
(D) Immune deficiency
33. Hemodialysis is used to:
(A) Increase oxygen transport
(B) Remove wastes from blood in kidney failure
(C) Treat diabetes
(D) Treat infections
34. Immunization protects against:
(A) Kidney stones
(B) Diabetes
(C) Heart failure
(D) Infectious diseases
35. Vaccines may contain:
(A) Killed or weakened pathogens or their components
(B) Antibiotics
(C) Hormones
(D) Enzymes only
36. Antibiotic resistance occurs due to:
(A) Hormonal imbalance
(B) Excess vitamins
(C) Overuse or misuse of antibiotics
(D) Lack of sleep only
37. Sepsis is:
(A) Low blood pressure only
(B) High blood sugar
(C) Body-wide infection leading to inflammation
(D) Stroke
38. Cancer is characterized by:
(A) Immune protection
(B) Tissue repair
(C) Normal cell growth
(D) Uncontrolled cell division
39. Oncogenes promote:
(A) Immune function
(B) Cancer development
(C) Digestion
(D) Oxygen transport
40. Tumor suppressor genes function to:
(A) Aid digestion
(B) Promote tumors
(C) Produce hormones
(D) Prevent uncontrolled cell growth
41. Apoptosis is:
(A) Programmed cell death
(B) Cell division only
(C) Tissue formation only
(D) DNA replication only
42. Pathology studies:
(A) Causes and effects of diseases
(B) Normal anatomy only
(C) Plant diseases only
(D) Photosynthesis
43. Epidemiology deals with:
(A) Individual anatomy
(B) Distribution and determinants of diseases in populations
(C) Cellular metabolism
(D) Animal reproduction
44. Infectious diseases are caused by:
(A) Aging only
(B) Hormonal imbalance only
(C) Genetics only
(D) Pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
45. Non-infectious diseases include:
(A) Diabetes, hypertension, cancer
(B) Influenza only
(C) Malaria only
(D) Tuberculosis only
46. Human microbiome refers to:
(A) Fungi only
(B) Pathogens only
(C) Viruses only
(D) Microorganisms living in and on the human body
47. Antibiotics are ineffective against:
(A) Parasites
(B) Bacteria
(C) Fungi
(D) Viruses
48. Human lymphatic system functions to:
(A) Defend against pathogens and maintain fluid balance
(B) Pump blood
(C) Digest food
(D) Produce hormones only
49. The human immune system consists of:
(A) Only brain
(B) Only bones
(C) Only muscles
(D) Bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes
50. Fever is a:
(A) Kidney failure
(B) Blood disorder
(C) Hormonal imbalance
(D) Defensive response to infection