1. The term burden of proof refers to:
(A) Duty of judge to decide the case
(B) Duty of witness to testify
(C) Duty of police to investigate
(D) Duty of a party to prove a fact in court
2. The burden of claiming means:
(A) Producing evidence in court
(B) Filing a complaint to start legal proceedings
(C) Cross-examining witnesses
(D) Delivering judgment
3. The burden of questioning or contesting arises when:
(A) Allegations are denied by the opposing party
(B) Facts are automatically accepted
(C) Judgment is delivered
(D) Jury gives verdict
4. The burden of production refers to:
(A) Presenting arguments only
(B) Delivering judgment
(C) Discovering and producing evidence
(D) Filing appeal
5. The burden of persuasion in civil cases generally lies on:
(A) Defendant
(B) Plaintiff for operative facts
(C) Judge
(D) Witness
6. In criminal cases, the burden of persuasion lies on:
(A) Prosecution
(B) Defense lawyer
(C) Accused
(D) Judge
7. The tactical burden of proof:
(A) May shift between parties during trial
(B) Always remains with plaintiff
(C) Never shifts
(D) Belongs to the judge
8. In legal proceedings, the trier of fact may be:
(A) Police officer
(B) Defense lawyer
(C) Judge or jury
(D) Prosecutor
9. The burden of persuasion becomes most important:
(A) At the beginning of the case
(B) During investigation
(C) During appeal
(D) At the end of the trial
10. If arguments do not outweigh opposing arguments, the jury must:
(A) Accept the claim
(B) Reject the alleged fact
(C) Ignore the evidence
(D) Start a new trial
11. Proof standards determine:
(A) Number of witnesses required
(B) Degree of evidence required to prove a fact
(C) Length of trial
(D) Number of judges
12. The scintilla of evidence standard means:
(A) Strong evidence
(B) Any small amount of evidence supporting a fact
(C) Documentary evidence only
(D) Expert evidence only
13. Preponderance of evidence means:
(A) Evidence showing a fact is more likely true than false
(B) Evidence beyond doubt
(C) Evidence with mathematical certainty
(D) Evidence supported by confession
14. The clear and convincing evidence standard requires:
(A) Only direct evidence
(B) Only circumstantial evidence
(C) Very strong proof but less than beyond reasonable doubt
(D) No evidence
15. The highest standard of proof in criminal law is:
(A) Scintilla of evidence
(B) Preponderance of evidence
(C) Clear and convincing evidence
(D) Beyond reasonable doubt
16. Beyond reasonable doubt means:
(A) Absolute certainty
(B) No doubt at all
(C) High level of certainty required for conviction
(D) Mere suspicion
17. In civil cases, the usual standard of proof is:
(A) Beyond reasonable doubt
(B) Preponderance of evidence
(C) Absolute certainty
(D) Mathematical proof
18. During trial, parties present arguments by:
(A) Filing new complaints
(B) Introducing new evidence
(C) Delivering verdict
(D) Passing judgment
19. The purpose of burden of proof rules is to:
(A) Delay the case
(B) Remove evidence
(C) Allocate responsibility of proving facts
(D) Punish witnesses
20. In criminal law, if prosecution fails to meet the burden of proof:
(A) Accused is convicted
(B) Case is ignored
(C) Accused is acquitted
(D) Judge is punished