1. : What was the primary source of Islamic law that influenced legal systems in many parts of the world?
(A) Bible
(B) Sunnah
(C) Shariah
(D) Torah
2. : Which Islamic empire played a significant role in preserving and translating Greek philosophical texts?
(A) Abbasid Caliphate
(B) Umayyad Caliphate
(C) Ottoman Empire
(D) Mughal Empire
3. : What institution in Baghdad became a major center for learning during the Islamic Golden Age?
(A) Al-Azhar University
(B) House of Wisdom
(C) Darul Uloom
(D) Library of Alexandria
4. : Who is known for writing the medical encyclopedia Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb?
(A) Al-Ghazali
(B) Al-Farabi
(C) Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
(D) Al-Razi
5. : The spread of Islam significantly influenced architecture, as seen in the construction of:
(A) Eiffel Tower
(B) Hagia Sophia
(C) Great Mosque of Córdoba
(D) Leaning Tower of Pisa
6. : What trade route was crucial for the spread of Islam into Africa?
(A) Silk Road
(B) Trans-Saharan Trade Route
(C) Amber Road
(D) Spice Route
7. : Who introduced Islamic principles of hygiene and quarantine in hospitals?
(A) Al-Kindi
(B) Ibn Battuta
(C) Al-Razi
(D) Al-Biruni
8. : The Islamic calendar is based on:
(A) Solar cycle
(B) Roman calendar
(C) Lunar cycle
(D) Egyptian calendar
9. : The Crusades were military campaigns largely triggered by:
(A) Mongol invasions
(B) Spread of Islam
(C) European exploration
(D) Ottoman rule
10. : Islamic civilization contributed significantly to which field during the Middle Ages?
(A) Nuclear physics
(B) Genetics
(C) Algebra and Astronomy
(D) Marine biology
11. : Which Islamic scholar is credited with founding algebra?
(A) Al-Ghazali
(B) Al-Farabi
(C) Al-Khwarizmi
(D) Ibn Rushd
12. : The fall of which city marked the end of the Islamic Caliphate in Spain?
(A) Toledo
(B) Granada
(C) Seville
(D) Córdoba
13. : Islamic civilization preserved the works of which Greek philosopher?
(A) Plato
(B) Socrates
(C) Aristotle
(D) All of the above
14. : Islamic influence is seen in the development of which numeral system?
(A) Roman
(B) Arabic
(C) Chinese
(D) Greek
15. : Which famous Muslim traveler documented much of the Islamic world in the 14th century?
(A) Ibn Sina
(B) Al-Kindi
(C) Ibn Battuta
(D) Al-Razi
16. : Which empire was a dominant Islamic power in Southeast Europe for centuries?
(A) Abbasid
(B) Umayyad
(C) Ottoman
(D) Mughal
17. : The Islamic concept of knowledge encourages seeking knowledge from:
(A) Birth to death
(B) Only in mosques
(C) Only from religious leaders
(D) After adulthood
18. : Which Muslim philosopher integrated Islamic theology with Greek philosophy?
(A) Al-Ghazali
(B) Ibn Sina
(C) Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
(D) Al-Razi
19. : What was the main language of science and philosophy in the Islamic Golden Age?
(A) Persian
(B) Greek
(C) Arabic
(D) Latin
20. : The spread of Islam helped connect which major regions of the world?
(A) Americas and Europe
(B) Europe, Asia, and Africa
(C) Oceania and Africa
(D) Russia and China
21. : Which invention from the Islamic world helped in timekeeping for prayers?
(A) Telescope
(B) Astrolabe
(C) Microscope
(D) Abacus
22. : Islamic banks developed early principles of:
(A) Commercial aviation
(B) Interest-based loans
(C) Interest-free banking
(D) Cryptocurrency
23. : Which Islamic scientist measured the Earth’s circumference with great accuracy?
(A) Ibn Sina
(B) Al-Biruni
(C) Al-Kindi
(D) Jabir ibn Hayyan
24. : What does the word “Islam” literally mean?
(A) Knowledge
(B) Submission
(C) Prayer
(D) Faith
25. : Which Islamic contribution heavily influenced Renaissance Europe?
(A) Rocket science
(B) Architecture only
(C) Preservation and translation of classical knowledge
(D) Culinary arts
26. : The concept of zero was popularized in Europe through which Islamic influence?
(A) Turkish maps
(B) Arabic numerals
(C) Islamic calligraphy
(D) Poetry
27. : Which city was known as a center of Islamic learning in West Africa?
(A) Tripoli
(B) Timbuktu
(C) Rabat
(D) Tunis
28. : Islamic education system included:
(A) Only religious studies
(B) Religious and secular sciences
(C) Military training
(D) Political science only
29. : What role did mosques play in early Islamic societies?
(A) Only places of worship
(B) Educational and social centers
(C) Military headquarters
(D) Trading hubs
30. : Who is regarded as the father of early chemistry in the Islamic world?
(A) Al-Farabi
(B) Jabir ibn Hayyan
(C) Ibn Sina
(D) Al-Khwarizmi
31. : The Islamic legal system influenced:
(A) European secular laws
(B) Canon law only
(C) Colonial constitutions
(D) Many pre-modern legal codes
32. : Islamic civilization flourished in Spain under the rule of:
(A) Umayyads of Damascus
(B) Abbasids of Baghdad
(C) Umayyads of Córdoba
(D) Ottomans
33. : During the Islamic Golden Age, which city was a major intellectual center?
(A) Cairo
(B) Baghdad
(C) Istanbul
(D) Delhi
34. : The Islamic world introduced the concept of:
(A) Democracy
(B) Mobile warfare
(C) Hospitals with separate wards
(D) Renaissance art
35. : Islamic architectural features include:
(A) Domes and minarets
(B) Arches only
(C) Pyramids
(D) Cathedrals
36. : What facilitated the rapid spread of Islam across continents?
(A) Forced conversions
(B) Trade and missionary work
(C) Political propaganda
(D) Colonization
37. : One major ethical contribution of Islam to world history is:
(A) Invention of money
(B) Human rights and justice
(C) Slave trade
(D) Capital punishment
38. : The Mughal Empire spread Islamic art and architecture in:
(A) China
(B) Africa
(C) Indian subcontinent
(D) Central Asia
39. : The idea of universal brotherhood in Islam challenged:
(A) Tribalism and racism
(B) Mathematics
(C) Astronomy
(D) Trade routes
40. : Islamic civilization influenced European science through:
(A) Universities
(B) Translations in Spain and Sicily
(C) Medieval crusades
(D) Naval invasions
41. : The Ottoman Empire ruled vast areas for over:
(A) 300 years
(B) 500 years
(C) 600 years
(D) 1000 years
42. : The Islamic empire first spread to:
(A) North Africa and Iberia
(B) Russia
(C) India
(D) South America
43. : Islamic civilization preserved which ancient civilization’s works?
(A) Mayan
(B) Greek
(C) Chinese
(D) Viking
44. : Islamic culture heavily influenced:
(A) Western calligraphy
(B) African tribal rituals
(C) Spanish art and architecture
(D) Native American customs
45. : Sufism contributed to the spread of Islam by focusing on:
(A) Political control
(B) Scientific studies
(C) Inner spirituality and love
(D) Warfare
46. : Muslim contributions to optics were pioneered by:
(A) Al-Razi
(B) Ibn al-Haytham
(C) Ibn Rushd
(D) Al-Ghazali
47. : Islamic medicine was taught in Europe through works of:
(A) Ibn Sina and Al-Razi
(B) Aristotle and Socrates
(C) Ptolemy and Archimedes
(D) Darwin and Newton
48. : What helped the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia?
(A) Arab traders
(B) Mongol invasions
(C) European crusades
(D) Ottoman expansion
49. : Which Islamic empire’s fall marked the end of caliphate rule in 1924?
(A) Safavid Empire
(B) Abbasid Caliphate
(C) Ottoman Empire
(D) Mughal Empire
50. : One key principle of Islamic governance that influenced global history is:
(A) Monarchy
(B) Social Darwinism
(C) Justice and accountability
(D) Theocracy