1. Industrial microbiology mainly deals with the:
(A) Study of microbes in soil
(B) Classification of microorganisms
(C) Use of microorganisms for industrial products
(D) Genetics of microorganisms
2. Which microorganism is commonly used for alcohol production?
(A) Lactobacillus
(B) Penicillium
(C) Rhizobium
(D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
3. The process of converting sugars into alcohol is called:
(A) Fermentation
(B) Oxidation
(C) Hydrolysis
(D) Respiration
4. Which product is obtained using Penicillium notatum?
(A) Streptomycin
(B) Penicillin
(C) Insulin
(D) Vitamin B₁₂
5. The vessel used for large-scale microbial culture is called:
(A) Autoclave
(B) Incubator
(C) Fermenter
(D) Laminar flow hood
6. Which bacterium is used in yogurt production?
(A) Escherichia coli
(B) Clostridium tetani
(C) Bacillus subtilis
(D) Lactobacillus bulgaricus
7. Industrial production of citric acid is carried out by:
(A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(B) Penicillium chrysogenum
(C) Rhizopus stolonifer
(D) Aspergillus niger
8. Which antibiotic is produced by Streptomyces griseus?
(A) Penicillin
(B) Tetracycline
(C) Streptomycin
(D) Chloramphenicol
9. The optimum temperature for most industrial microbes is:
(A) 0–10°C
(B) 20–40°C
(C) 50–70°C
(D) Above 80°C
10. Which vitamin is produced by Propionibacterium?
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin C
(C) Vitamin B₁₂
(D) Vitamin D
11. The main raw material for fermentation industries is:
(A) Proteins
(B) Lipids
(C) Carbohydrates
(D) Vitamins
12. Which gas is commonly released during alcoholic fermentation?
(A) Carbon dioxide
(B) Nitrogen
(C) Oxygen
(D) Hydrogen
13. Which microorganism is used in cheese making?
(A) Salmonella
(B) Clostridium
(C) Rhizobium
(D) Lactobacillus
14. The large-scale production of antibiotics began during:
(A) World War I
(B) World War II
(C) Cold War
(D) Industrial Revolution
15. Which enzyme is commercially produced by Aspergillus species?
(A) Pepsin
(B) Catalase
(C) Urease
(D) Amylase
16. Industrial microbiology mainly operates under:
(A) Sterile conditions
(B) Natural conditions
(C) Polluted conditions
(D) Anaerobic soil
17. Which bacterium is used for vinegar production?
(A) Lactobacillus
(B) Bacillus anthracis
(C) Acetobacter aceti
(D) Clostridium botulinum
18. Which product is formed by Clostridium acetobutylicum?
(A) Lactic acid
(B) Acetone and butanol
(C) Citric acid
(D) Ethanol
19. Single cell protein (SCP) is mainly used as:
(A) Medicine
(B) Fertilizer
(C) Animal feed
(D) Fuel
20. Which microorganism is used for SCP production?
(A) Algae only
(B) Virus
(C) Protozoa
(D) Yeast
21. Antibiotics are substances that:
(A) Kill viruses
(B) Inhibit growth of bacteria
(C) Destroy all microbes
(D) Enhance immunity
22. Which medium component supplies nitrogen?
(A) Glucose
(B) Molasses
(C) Ammonium salts
(D) Starch
23. Industrial fermentation is usually carried out in:
(A) Closed fermenters
(B) Petri plates
(C) Test tubes
(D) Open containers
24. Which antibiotic is produced by Penicillium chrysogenum?
(A) Streptomycin
(B) Erythromycin
(C) Penicillin
(D) Tetracycline
25. The pH for most industrial fermentations is:
(A) Highly acidic
(B) Highly alkaline
(C) Neutral to slightly acidic
(D) Extremely basic
26. Which product is formed during lactic acid fermentation?
(A) Ethanol
(B) Acetic acid
(C) Citric acid
(D) Lactic acid
27. Which microorganism is used in bread making?
(A) Bacteria
(B) Virus
(C) Algae
(D) Yeast
28. Downstream processing refers to:
(A) Product recovery and purification
(B) Sterilization of media
(C) Microbial growth
(D) Inoculation
29. Which acid is used in soft drinks production?
(A) Citric acid
(B) Lactic acid
(C) Acetic acid
(D) Formic acid
30. Which factor is essential for aerobic fermentation?
(A) Carbon dioxide
(B) Nitrogen
(C) Oxygen
(D) Hydrogen
31. Which microorganism produces gibberellins?
(A) Aspergillus niger
(B) Penicillium notatum
(C) Fusarium moniliforme
(D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
32. Industrial enzymes are mainly used in:
(A) Agriculture only
(B) Medicine only
(C) Food and detergent industries
(D) Space research
33. Which sterilization method is commonly used in industry?
(A) Autoclaving
(B) UV radiation
(C) Freezing
(D) Dry heating
34. Which product is obtained by microbial fermentation of milk?
(A) Yogurt
(B) Butter
(C) Ice cream
(D) Cream
35. Which bacterium produces lactic acid?
(A) Bacillus
(B) Lactobacillus
(C) Clostridium
(D) Salmonella
36. Which component controls foam in fermenters?
(A) Antibiotics
(B) Buffers
(C) Enzymes
(D) Antifoaming agents
37. The growth phase with maximum product formation is:
(A) Lag phase
(B) Stationary phase
(C) Log phase
(D) Death phase
38. Which product is obtained using recombinant DNA technology?
(A) Penicillin
(B) Insulin
(C) Citric acid
(D) Ethanol
39. Which industry uses microbial proteases?
(A) Textile industry
(B) Leather industry
(C) Detergent industry
(D) All of these
40. Which organism is used in biogas production?
(A) Aerobic bacteria
(B) Cyanobacteria
(C) Methanogens
(D) Yeast
41. Industrial microbiology helps in:
(A) Pollution control
(B) All of these
(C) Production of useful products
(D) Waste management
42. Which acid gives vinegar its sour taste?
(A) Acetic acid
(B) Lactic acid
(C) Citric acid
(D) Formic acid
43. Which microorganism is used for production of antibiotics?
(A) Virus
(B) Bacteria and fungi
(C) Algae
(D) Protozoa
44. The main aim of industrial microbiology is to:
(A) Produce useful substances
(B) Classify microbes
(C) Control diseases
(D) Study microbes
45. Which fermentation produces ethanol?
(A) Lactic acid fermentation
(B) Acetic acid fermentation
(C) Alcoholic fermentation
(D) Mixed acid fermentation
46. Which organism produces erythromycin?
(A) Bacillus subtilis
(B) Penicillium notatum
(C) Streptomyces erythreus
(D) Escherichia coli
47. Which nutrient acts as energy source in fermentation?
(A) Vitamins
(B) Minerals
(C) Carbohydrates
(D) Proteins
48. Which process prevents contamination in industry?
(A) Aeration
(B) Sterilization
(C) Agitation
(D) Inoculation
49. Which by-product is used as animal feed?
(A) Whey
(B) Alcohol
(C) Antibiotics
(D) Acids
50. Which field combines microbiology and industry?
(A) Medical microbiology
(B) Environmental microbiology
(C) Agricultural microbiology
(D) Industrial microbiology