1. The basic structural and functional unit of the human body is:
(A) Cell
(B) Tissue
(C) Organ
(D) Organ system
2. The human skeleton is composed of:
(A) Tendons only
(B) Muscles only
(C) Bones and cartilage
(D) Ligaments only
3. Human bones are classified into:
(A) Sesamoid only
(B) Long and short only
(C) Flat and irregular only
(D) Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
4. The axial skeleton includes:
(A) Hands and feet only
(B) Limbs only
(C) Shoulder and pelvis only
(D) Skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
5. The appendicular skeleton includes:
(A) Limbs and girdles
(B) Skull only
(C) Vertebral column only
(D) Ribs and sternum only
6. Joints that allow free movement are called:
(A) Fixed joints
(B) Fibrous joints
(C) Cartilaginous joints
(D) Synovial joints
7. The heart is located in the:
(A) Thoracic cavity
(B) Abdominal cavity
(C) Cranial cavity
(D) Pelvic cavity
8. The heart consists of:
(A) Two chambers only
(B) Four chambers: two atria and two ventricles
(C) Three chambers only
(D) Five chambers
9. The right atrium receives blood from:
(A) Aorta
(B) Pulmonary veins
(C) Superior and inferior vena cava
(D) Coronary arteries
10. The left ventricle pumps blood into:
(A) Aorta
(B) Pulmonary artery
(C) Vena cava
(D) Pulmonary veins
11. Hemoglobin in red blood cells functions to:
(A) Fight infections
(B) Transport oxygen
(C) Blood clotting
(D) Digest food
12. White blood cells are responsible for:
(A) Immunity
(B) Oxygen transport
(C) Blood clotting
(D) Hormone transport
13. Platelets are involved in:
(A) Blood clotting
(B) Oxygen transport
(C) Immune response
(D) Digestion
14. The largest human organ is:
(A) Liver
(B) Skin
(C) Heart
(D) Lungs
15. The skin consists of:
(A) Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
(B) Epidermis only
(C) Dermis only
(D) Hypodermis only
16. The primary site of nutrient absorption is:
(A) Stomach
(B) Small intestine
(C) Large intestine
(D) Mouth
17. The liver functions in:
(A) Only absorption
(B) Only digestion
(C) Detoxification, bile production, metabolism
(D) Only filtration
18. The pancreas produces:
(A) Only glucagon
(B) Only bile
(C) Digestive enzymes and insulin
(D) Only hormones
19. Neurons transmit:
(A) Enzymes
(B) Blood
(C) Hormones
(D) Electrical impulses
20. The human brain is protected by:
(A) Skull and meninges
(B) Skin only
(C) Vertebrae only
(D) Muscles only
21. Cerebrum is responsible for:
(A) Digestion only
(B) Heartbeat only
(C) Respiration only
(D) Voluntary activities, thought, and memory
22. Cerebellum coordinates:
(A) Thought only
(B) Balance and movement
(C) Hormone secretion only
(D) Digestion only
23. The medulla oblongata controls:
(A) Memory
(B) Muscle growth
(C) Heart rate, respiration, blood pressure
(D) Digestion
24. The human eye contains:
(A) Only optic nerve
(B) Only cornea and lens
(C) Only retina
(D) Cornea, lens, retina, optic nerve
25. Rods in the retina are sensitive to:
(A) Low light
(B) Color
(C) Sound
(D) Pressure
26. Cones in the retina are sensitive to:
(A) Sound
(B) Low light
(C) Color
(D) Touch
27. The human ear has three parts:
(A) Outer and inner only
(B) Outer, middle, inner
(C) Middle only
(D) Inner only
28. The cochlea is responsible for:
(A) Smell
(B) Balance only
(C) Taste
(D) Hearing
29. The semicircular canals are responsible for:
(A) Balance
(B) Hearing only
(C) Sight only
(D) Smell only
30. Hormones are secreted by:
(A) Muscle tissue
(B) Exocrine glands
(C) Endocrine glands
(D) Nervous tissue
31. Insulin is secreted by:
(A) Pancreas
(B) Thyroid
(C) Adrenal gland
(D) Pituitary
32. Thyroxine is secreted by:
(A) Pancreas
(B) Thyroid gland
(C) Pituitary
(D) Adrenal
33. Adrenal glands secrete:
(A) Thyroxine only
(B) Insulin only
(C) Adrenaline and cortisol
(D) Estrogen only
34. The human kidney filters:
(A) Plasma only
(B) Lymph only
(C) Blood to remove waste and excess water
(D) Digestive enzymes only
35. Nephrons are the:
(A) Functional units of liver
(B) Functional units of the kidney
(C) Functional units of heart
(D) Functional units of lungs
36. Human lungs contain:
(A) Alveoli for gas exchange
(B) Only bronchi
(C) Only trachea
(D) Only diaphragm
37. Oxygen is transported in blood by:
(A) Platelets
(B) Plasma only
(C) White blood cells
(D) Hemoglobin in red blood cells
38. Carbon dioxide is transported primarily as:
(A) Platelets
(B) Hemoglobin only
(C) Bicarbonate ions in plasma
(D) White blood cells
39. Human reproduction involves:
(A) Gametogenesis, fertilization, embryogenesis
(B) Photosynthesis
(C) Only gametogenesis
(D) Digestion
40. Spermatogenesis occurs in:
(A) Testes
(B) Ovary
(C) Uterus
(D) Vas deferens
41. Oogenesis occurs in:
(A) Testes
(B) Ovary
(C) Uterus
(D) Fallopian tube
42. Fertilization in humans occurs in:
(A) Vagina
(B) Uterus
(C) Ovary
(D) Fallopian tube
43. Human gestation period is approximately:
(A) 9 months
(B) 6 months
(C) 12 months
(D) 3 months
44. The placenta functions in:
(A) Only hormone production
(B) Nutrient, gas, and waste exchange between mother and fetus
(C) Only digestion
(D) Only respiration
45. The umbilical cord contains:
(A) Two arteries and one vein
(B) Two veins only
(C) One artery only
(D) Only connective tissue
46. Human blood groups are determined by:
(A) White blood cells only
(B) Hemoglobin only
(C) ABO and Rh antigens
(D) Platelets only
47. The immune system protects the body from:
(A) Oxygen
(B) Pathogens
(C) Nutrients
(D) Water
48. Human stomach secretes:
(A) Bile
(B) Insulin only
(C) HCl and pepsin
(D) Pancreatic juice
49. Human small intestine secretes:
(A) Enzymes for digestion and absorbs nutrients
(B) Only bile
(C) Only insulin
(D) Only water
50. Human large intestine is responsible for:
(A) Protein digestion only
(B) Water absorption and formation of feces
(C) Fat digestion only
(D) Oxygen transport