1. : What does the term “toxicology” mean?
(A) Study of diseases
(B) Study of poisons and their effects
(C) Study of environment
(D) Study of pollution only
2. : Who is considered the “Father of Toxicology”?
(A) Louis Pasteur
(B) Paracelsus
(C) Rachel Carson
(D) Alexander Fleming
3. : “The dose makes the poison” is a principle of:
(A) Pharmacology
(B) Toxicology
(C) Epidemiology
(D) Physiology
4. : Which heavy metal caused Minamata disease in Japan?
(A) Lead
(B) Arsenic
(C) Mercury
(D) Cadmium
5. : Which heavy metal exposure causes Itai-Itai disease?
(A) Lead
(B) Mercury
(C) Cadmium
(D) Arsenic
6. : The study of the movement of toxicants in the environment is called:
(A) Ecotoxicology
(B) Pharmacokinetics
(C) Epidemiology
(D) Toxicodynamics
7. : What is LD50 in toxicology?
(A) Lowest dose causing symptoms
(B) Dose lethal to 50% of test population
(C) Maximum safe dose
(D) Half-life of toxicant
8. : Lead poisoning mainly affects the:
(A) Respiratory system
(B) Nervous system
(C) Skin
(D) Reproductive system
9. : The branch of toxicology dealing with environmental pollutants’ effects on living organisms is:
(A) Clinical toxicology
(B) Environmental toxicology
(C) Forensic toxicology
(D) Analytical toxicology
10. : Which pesticide was responsible for the Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984)?
(A) DDT
(B) Carbaryl (Sevin)
(C) Methyl isocyanate
(D) Endosulfan
11. : Bioaccumulation refers to:
(A) Movement of toxins through food chains
(B) Increase in concentration of toxins in an organism over time
(C) Degradation of toxins by bacteria
(D) Dilution of toxins in the atmosphere
12. : Biomagnification occurs when:
(A) Toxins degrade rapidly in the environment
(B) Concentration of toxins increases along food chains
(C) Toxins bind only to soil particles
(D) Organisms metabolize toxins completely
13. : Which organ is the primary site of detoxification in humans?
(A) Kidney
(B) Liver
(C) Lungs
(D) Stomach
14. : Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a major issue in:
(A) Japan
(B) Bangladesh
(C) USA
(D) Russia
15. : The toxin in tobacco smoke is mainly:
(A) Caffeine
(B) Nicotine
(C) Ethanol
(D) Lead
16. : The toxic gas carbon monoxide binds with which molecule in blood?
(A) Hemoglobin
(B) White blood cells
(C) Platelets
(D) Plasma
17. : Carcinogens are substances that cause:
(A) Diabetes
(B) Heart diseases
(C) Cancer
(D) Liver damage
18. : Teratogens are substances that cause:
(A) Genetic mutations
(B) Birth defects
(C) Tumors
(D) Bone damage
19. : Endocrine disruptors mainly interfere with:
(A) Nervous system
(B) Hormonal system
(C) Respiratory system
(D) Digestive system
20. : Which chemical was highlighted in Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring?
(A) Mercury
(B) DDT
(C) Lead
(D) Asbestos
21. : The process by which a chemical becomes more concentrated at each trophic level is called:
(A) Bioaccumulation
(B) Biomagnification
(C) Biodegradation
(D) Biotransformation
22. : Which heavy metal is most commonly associated with neurological damage in children?
(A) Lead
(B) Mercury
(C) Cadmium
(D) Arsenic
23. : The term “NOAEL” in toxicology means:
(A) No Observable Adverse Effect Level
(B) Normal Oxygen Absorption Energy Level
(C) Non-Organic Absorption Emission Level
(D) None of the above
24. : The main toxic effect of cyanide poisoning is:
(A) Blocking cellular respiration
(B) Damaging DNA
(C) Causing anemia
(D) Destroying proteins
25. : The ability of a toxin to cause harm depends on:
(A) Dose
(B) Duration of exposure
(C) Route of entry
(D) All of the above