1. : Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is primarily conducted to:
(A) Promote industrialization
(B) Predict and evaluate the environmental consequences of proposed projects
(C) Approve all industrial projects without checks
(D) Stop economic development
2. : The EIA process was first made mandatory in which country?
(A) United Kingdom
(B) United States of America
(C) Japan
(D) Canada
3. : Which U.S. law introduced EIA in 1969?
(A) Clean Air Act
(B) National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
(C) Resource Conservation Act
(D) Environmental Protection Act
4. : In Pakistan, Environmental Impact Assessment is required under:
(A) Forest Conservation Act 1980
(B) Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997
(C) Wildlife Protection Act
(D) Water Pollution Act
5. : Which of the following is NOT a stage in the EIA process?
(A) Screening
(B) Scoping
(C) Environmental monitoring
(D) Industrial privatization
6. : The initial step of EIA to decide if a project requires a full assessment is called:
(A) Scoping
(B) Screening
(C) Evaluation
(D) Mitigation
7. : The stage of EIA where key issues and impacts are identified is:
(A) Screening
(B) Scoping
(C) Monitoring
(D) Mitigation
8. : The main output document of an EIA is called:
(A) Environmental Assessment Report (EAR)
(B) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
(C) Environmental Resource Plan
(D) Eco-Management Report
9. : Mitigation measures in EIA are designed to:
(A) Eliminate project costs
(B) Minimize negative environmental impacts
(C) Maximize project profits
(D) Increase industrial expansion
10. : Public participation in EIA ensures:
(A) Faster project approval without objections
(B) Inclusion of community concerns and transparency
(C) Avoiding community involvement
(D) Only government views are considered
11. : Which principle is most closely associated with EIA?
(A) Polluter pays principle
(B) Precautionary principle
(C) Intergenerational equity principle
(D) Command and control principle
12. : Which of the following projects is most likely to require an EIA?
(A) A small rural library
(B) A large hydropower dam
(C) A small shop in a city
(D) A primary school building
13. : Which organization provides international EIA guidelines?
(A) WHO
(B) UNEP
(C) WTO
(D) ILO
14. : Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) differs from EIA because it:
(A) Focuses on individual projects
(B) Focuses on policies, plans, and programs
(C) Ignores community input
(D) Has no relation to sustainability
15. : Cumulative Impact Assessment in EIA refers to:
(A) Impacts of one project only
(B) Combined impacts of multiple projects over time
(C) Economic evaluation only
(D) Irreversible impacts only
16. : Which of the following tools is commonly used in EIA?
(A) Cost-benefit analysis
(B) Checklists and matrices
(C) Satellite communication
(D) Stock market analysis
17. : Which stage of EIA ensures the project complies with mitigation measures after approval?
(A) Screening
(B) Monitoring and auditing
(C) Scoping
(D) Evaluation
18. : A “no action alternative” in EIA means:
(A) Carrying out the project with modifications
(B) Canceling the project and not proceeding
(C) Proceeding without assessment
(D) Reducing project size only
19. : Which of the following is a limitation of EIA?
(A) Helps in better planning
(B) Sometimes ignores cumulative impacts
(C) Promotes sustainable development
(D) Ensures community participation
20. : Cost-Benefit Analysis in EIA is used to:
(A) Evaluate only economic gains
(B) Compare environmental costs with project benefits
(C) Ignore environmental damage
(D) Increase project cost
21. : The precautionary approach in EIA is applied when:
(A) There is no scientific uncertainty
(B) Full evidence of environmental damage is not yet available
(C) Projects are too small to matter
(D) Government orders delay assessments
22. : Which sector in Pakistan most commonly requires EIA before project approval?
(A) Education
(B) Transportation and energy projects
(C) Literature and arts
(D) Sports events
23. : An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in EIA includes:
(A) Budget estimates
(B) Mitigation, monitoring, and management measures
(C) Political objectives
(D) Engineering designs only
24. : Which of the following BEST describes the overall aim of EIA?
(A) To stop all projects
(B) To ensure projects are environmentally sound and sustainable
(C) To increase bureaucratic delays
(D) To promote private investment
25. : The biggest challenge in EIA implementation is:
(A) Lack of trained personnel, weak enforcement, and political pressure
(B) Over-participation of public
(C) Too much availability of data
(D) Excessive project delays due to strong enforcement