1. : Environmental biotechnology mainly focuses on:
(A) Space exploration
(B) Using biological processes for environmental protection and pollution control
(C) Producing synthetic plastics
(D) Increasing industrial waste
2. : The use of microorganisms to degrade harmful pollutants is called:
(A) Bioremediation
(B) Bioaugmentation
(C) Biosorption
(D) Biomagnification
3. : Which organisms are commonly used in wastewater treatment?
(A) Algae, bacteria, and fungi
(B) Birds and mammals
(C) Insects
(D) Fish
4. : The process of using plants to remove contaminants from soil or water is called:
(A) Phytoremediation
(B) Vermicomposting
(C) Composting
(D) Aeration
5. : Biofilters are used to control:
(A) Noise pollution
(B) Air and water pollution
(C) Soil erosion
(D) Deforestation
6. : Methane produced in landfills is an example of:
(A) Biogas
(B) Natural gas
(C) Biomass
(D) Hydrogen gas
7. : Which microorganism is widely used in the activated sludge process?
(A) Escherichia coli
(B) Zoogloea ramigera
(C) Plasmodium falciparum
(D) Bacillus anthracis
8. : Genetic engineering in environmental biotechnology is often applied for:
(A) Producing faster-growing crops
(B) Creating microbes for pollutant degradation
(C) Making synthetic metals
(D) Enhancing fossil fuel use
9. : Which of the following is an example of bioenergy?
(A) Coal
(B) Biodiesel
(C) Petrol
(D) Diesel
10. : Biosensors in environmental biotechnology are used to:
(A) Measure pollutants and toxins in the environment
(B) Produce synthetic fertilizers
(C) Generate electricity
(D) Detect earthquakes
11. : Which gas is commonly reduced by methanotrophic bacteria?
(A) Nitrous oxide
(B) Carbon dioxide
(C) Methane
(D) Sulfur dioxide
12. : Bioleaching is the use of microorganisms to:
(A) Absorb oil spills
(B) Extract metals from ores
(C) Generate oxygen
(D) Purify drinking water
13. : The microbe Pseudomonas putida is well known for:
(A) Plastic degradation
(B) Hydrocarbon degradation
(C) Nitrogen fixation
(D) Antibiotic production
14. : Composting organic waste with the help of worms is called:
(A) Vermicomposting
(B) Bioremediation
(C) Phytoremediation
(D) Biosorption
15. : Which of the following is a limitation of bioremediation?
(A) Eco-friendly process
(B) Time-consuming and site-specific
(C) Reduces chemical pollutants
(D) Uses natural organisms
16. : Which of the following is an example of in-situ bioremediation?
(A) Composting contaminated soil at another site
(B) Pumping groundwater and treating it elsewhere
(C) Treating pollutants at the contaminated site itself
(D) Laboratory-based treatment only
17. : White-rot fungi are useful in biotechnology because they can degrade:
(A) Plastics
(B) Lignin and complex pollutants
(C) Heavy metals
(D) Radioactive waste
18. : Which renewable energy source is commonly produced using anaerobic digestion?
(A) Solar energy
(B) Biogas
(C) Nuclear power
(D) Wind energy
19. : The process of enhancing microbial activity by adding nutrients to polluted sites is called:
(A) Biostimulation
(B) Bioaugmentation
(C) Biotransformation
(D) Bioaccumulation
20. : Algal biotechnology is mainly used for:
(A) Production of biofuels and wastewater treatment
(B) Mining activities
(C) Air pollution increase
(D) Soil erosion
21. : Which of the following technologies uses microorganisms to remove heavy metals from wastewater?
(A) Biosorption
(B) Evaporation
(C) Distillation
(D) Filtration only
22. : The greenhouse gas most reduced by bioenergy technologies is:
(A) Methane
(B) Nitrous oxide
(C) Carbon dioxide
(D) Ozone
23. : Which pollutant can be treated effectively using phytoremediation?
(A) Heavy metals like lead and cadmium
(B) Radioactive isotopes only
(C) Noise
(D) Heat
24. : Bioplastics are made from:
(A) Petroleum
(B) Renewable biomass sources like starch or cellulose
(C) Coal
(D) Natural gas
25. : The main advantage of environmental biotechnology is:
(A) High cost and slow process
(B) Sustainable and eco-friendly pollution control
(C) Increased fossil fuel use
(D) Permanent ecosystem damage