1. : The scientific study of the relationship between living organisms and their environment is called?
(A) Environmental Biology
(B) Botany
(C) Zoology
(D) Geology
2. : Which of the following is the ultimate source of energy for most ecosystems?
(A) Moonlight
(B) Sunlight
(C) Wind
(D) Water
3. : The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into food is?
(A) Respiration
(B) Photosynthesis
(C) Transpiration
(D) Fermentation
4. : Which organisms are known as producers?
(A) Plants
(B) Fungi
(C) Herbivores
(D) Carnivores
5. : Which organisms are responsible for fixing atmospheric nitrogen?
(A) Fungi
(B) Bacteria
(C) Algae
(D) Protozoa
6. : The relationship between a tick and a dog is an example of?
(A) Commensalism
(B) Parasitism
(C) Mutualism
(D) Competition
7. : Which organisms are considered decomposers?
(A) Lions and tigers
(B) Bacteria and fungi
(C) Grass and shrubs
(D) Birds and reptiles
8. : Which of the following is an abiotic factor?
(A) Trees
(B) Soil temperature
(C) Insects
(D) Fish
9. : The term biodiversity refers to?
(A) Variety of ecosystems only
(B) Variety of species and genetic resources
(C) Number of plants only
(D) Number of insects only
10. : Which is the largest biome on Earth?
(A) Tundra
(B) Desert
(C) Marine biome
(D) Grassland
11. : Which plant tissue is responsible for water transport?
(A) Phloem
(B) Xylem
(C) Cambium
(D) Cortex
12. : Which gas is released by plants during respiration?
(A) Oxygen
(B) Carbon dioxide
(C) Methane
(D) Hydrogen
13. : Which biome has the greatest biodiversity?
(A) Desert
(B) Tropical rainforest
(C) Grassland
(D) Tundra
14. : Which organisms are considered primary consumers in an ecosystem?
(A) Herbivores
(B) Carnivores
(C) Decomposers
(D) Omnivores
15. : Which plant pigment absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis?
(A) Chlorophyll
(B) Carotene
(C) Anthocyanin
(D) Xanthophyll
16. : Which cycle describes the movement of water on Earth?
(A) Nitrogen cycle
(B) Carbon cycle
(C) Oxygen cycle
(D) Hydrological cycle
17. : Which organisms are at the top of the food chain?
(A) Apex predators
(B) Decomposers
(C) Herbivores
(D) Primary producers
18. : The interaction between algae and fungi in lichens is an example of?
(A) Commensalism
(B) Mutualism
(C) Parasitism
(D) Competition
19. : Which of the following ecosystems is the most productive?
(A) Desert
(B) Ocean
(C) Tropical rainforest
(D) Grassland
20. : Which gas is essential for respiration in animals?
(A) Nitrogen
(B) Oxygen
(C) Hydrogen
(D) Carbon dioxide
21. : The process of losing water vapor from leaves is called?
(A) Transpiration
(B) Respiration
(C) Photosynthesis
(D) Absorption
22. : The uppermost fertile layer of soil that supports plant growth is called?
(A) Subsoil
(B) Bedrock
(C) Topsoil
(D) Humus
23. : Which of the following is an invasive species?
(A) Water hyacinth
(B) Neem tree
(C) Mango tree
(D) Coconut palm
24. : Which group of organisms produces antibiotics naturally?
(A) Viruses
(B) Fungi
(C) Algae
(D) Protozoa
25. : Which process in plants maintains the balance of oxygen in the atmosphere?
(A) Germination
(B) Photosynthesis
(C) Transpiration
(D) Respiration
26. : Which organisms recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?
(A) Decomposers
(B) Herbivores
(C) Producers
(D) Carnivores
27. : Which biome is known for permafrost?
(A) Desert
(B) Tundra
(C) Grassland
(D) Rainforest
28. : Which is the process by which green plants prepare their own food?
(A) Photosynthesis
(B) Fermentation
(C) Respiration
(D) Transpiration
29. : Which organisms are responsible for breaking down cellulose in herbivores?
(A) Bacteria in the gut
(B) Viruses
(C) Fungi only
(D) Protozoa only
30. : Which is the largest reservoir of carbon on Earth?
(A) Oceans
(B) Atmosphere
(C) Forests
(D) Fossil fuels