1. : Ecosystem restoration refers to:
(A) Creating artificial ecosystems
(B) Assisting the recovery of degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems
(C) Preventing natural succession
(D) Building urban infrastructure
2. : The UN declared 2021–2030 as the decade of:
(A) Climate Action
(B) Biodiversity Protection
(C) Ecosystem Restoration
(D) Renewable Energy
3. : Which of the following is NOT a common goal of ecosystem restoration?
(A) Improve biodiversity
(B) Enhance ecosystem services
(C) Increase soil and water quality
(D) Maximize industrial pollution
4. : Reforestation is an example of:
(A) Ecosystem degradation
(B) Ecosystem restoration
(C) Urbanization
(D) Industrial expansion
5. : The process of removing invasive species to help native species recover is called:
(A) Ecological succession
(B) Bioremediation
(C) Habitat fragmentation
(D) Ecological restoration
6. : Which international organization leads the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration?
(A) FAO and UNEP
(B) WHO and ILO
(C) UNESCO and IMF
(D) IUCN and WTO
7. : Bioremediation is a restoration technique that uses:
(A) Heavy machinery
(B) Microorganisms and plants to clean pollutants
(C) Artificial fertilizers
(D) Fossil fuels
8. : Restoring wetlands helps in:
(A) Increasing groundwater recharge
(B) Controlling floods
(C) Supporting biodiversity
(D) All of the above
9. : The practice of reintroducing species into their natural habitats is known as:
(A) Rewilding
(B) Deforestation
(C) Urban planning
(D) Pollution control
10. : Which of the following ecosystems is most important for carbon sequestration?
(A) Grasslands
(B) Mangroves and forests
(C) Deserts
(D) Urban parks
11. : Coral reef restoration often involves:
(A) Planting corals and reducing pollution
(B) Building cement walls
(C) Removing all marine life
(D) Increasing fishing activities
12. : Assisted natural regeneration refers to:
(A) Using chemicals to speed up ecosystem growth
(B) Supporting natural regrowth by protecting seedlings and soils
(C) Creating artificial habitats
(D) Stopping ecological succession
13. : Which of the following is a social benefit of ecosystem restoration?
(A) Job creation in restoration projects
(B) Loss of biodiversity
(C) Increase in industrial waste
(D) Habitat destruction
14. : Mine land restoration primarily focuses on:
(A) Removing vegetation
(B) Rehabilitating soils and re-establishing vegetation
(C) Expanding mining areas
(D) Building urban settlements
15. : The Bonn Challenge aims to restore how many hectares of degraded land by 2030?
(A) 150 million
(B) 200 million
(C) 350 million
(D) 500 million
16. : Which technique uses plants to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils?
(A) Phytoremediation
(B) Composting
(C) Afforestation
(D) Overgrazing
17. : Habitat fragmentation can be reduced by establishing:
(A) Industrial zones
(B) Wildlife corridors
(C) Urban highways
(D) Dams
18. : Which of the following is a driver of ecosystem degradation?
(A) Deforestation
(B) Overfishing
(C) Pollution
(D) All of the above
19. : Ecological succession plays a role in restoration because it:
(A) Naturally regenerates ecosystems over time
(B) Prevents biodiversity
(C) Destroys habitats
(D) Creates pollution
20. : Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) encourages restoration by:
(A) Paying landowners to conserve and restore ecosystems
(B) Funding fossil fuel subsidies
(C) Promoting industrial development
(D) Supporting deforestation
21. : Which country launched the “Green Great Wall” project to combat desertification?
(A) India
(B) Brazil
(C) China
(D) Kenya
22. : Mangrove restoration protects coastal areas from:
(A) Earthquakes
(B) Tsunamis and storm surges
(C) Air pollution
(D) Wildfires
23. : The IUCN defines ecological restoration as:
(A) Complete destruction of ecosystems
(B) Assisting recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed
(C) Creating artificial forests
(D) Reducing human populations
24. : Which restoration strategy is used in arid and semi-arid lands?
(A) Agroforestry and soil conservation
(B) Coral reef transplantation
(C) Wetland creation
(D) Glacier protection
25. : Successful ecosystem restoration requires:
(A) Local community involvement
(B) Government support
(C) Scientific planning
(D) All of the above